Science

Front 1

Magnetism

Back 1

Refers to the properties and interactions of magnets.

Front 2

Magnetic Field

Back 2

Exerts a force on other magnets and objects made of magnetic materials.

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Magnetic domains

Back 3

The groups of atoms with aligned magnetic poles

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Electromagnetic

Back 4

Is a temporary magnet made by wrapping a wire coil carrying a current around an iron core.

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Solenoid

Back 5

A single wire wrapped into a cylindrical wire coil

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Galvanometers

Back 6

Are devices that use an electromagnet to measure electric current.

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Electric motor

Back 7

A device that changes electrical energy into mechanical energy.

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Electromagnetic Induction

Back 8

The generation of a current by a changing magnetic field.

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Generator

Back 9

Uses electromagnetic Induction to transform mechanical energy into electrical energy.

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Turbine

Back 10

A large wheel that rotates when pushed by water, wind, or steam.

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Direct current (DC)

Back 11

Flows only in one direction through a wire.

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Alternating current (AC)

Back 12

Reverses the direction of the current in a regular pattern.

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Transformer

Back 13

Is a device that increases or decreases the voltage of an alternating current.

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Fossil fuels

Back 14

Fuels such a petroleum, oil, natural gas, or coal.
They are formed from the decaying remains of ancient animals or plants.

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Nonrenewable resources

Back 15

All fossil fuels are this type of resource. It means they are resources that cannot be replaced by natural processes as quickly as they are used.

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Nuclear reactor

Back 16

Uses the energy from controlled nuclear reactions to generate electricity.

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Nuclear waste

Back 17

Any radioactive by-product that results when radioactive materials are used.

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Renewable resource

Back 18

Is an energy source that is replaced nearly as quickly as it is used.

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Photo voltaic Cell

Back 19

Converts radiant from the sun directly into electrical energy.
Photovoltaic cells are also called solar cells.

Front 20

Hydroelectricity

Back 20

Electricity produced from the energy of moving water.

Front 21

Geothermal Energy

Back 21

The thermal energy that is contained in hot magma

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Biomass

Back 22

is a renewable organic matter, such as wood, sugar cane fibers, rice hills, and animal manure.

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Wave

Back 23

is a repeating disturbance or movement that transfers energy through matter or space.

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Medium

Back 24

The matter the wave travel through.
The medium can also be a solid, liquid, gas, or combo of these.

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Tranverse wave

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Matter in the medium moves back and forth at right angles to the direction that the wave travels.

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Compressional waves

Back 26

Matter in the medium moved back and forth along the same direction that the wave travels.

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Crests

Back 27

The highest points on a tranverse wave

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Troughs

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The lowest points on a tranverse wave.

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Rarefraction

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The less-dense region of a compressional wave.

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Wavelength

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Is the distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point just like it.

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Frequency

Back 31

Of a wave is the number of wavelength that pass a fixed point each second.

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Period

Back 32

Of a wave is the amount of time it takes one wavelength to pass a point.

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Amplitude

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Is related to the energy carried by a wave.

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Refraction

Back 34

Is the bending of a wave caused by a change in its speed as it moves from one medium to another.

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Diffraction

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Occurs when an object causes a wave to change direction and bend around it.

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Interference

Back 36

When two or more waves overlap and combine to form a new wave.

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Standing wave

Back 37

Is a special type of wave pattern that forms when waves equal in wavelength and amplitude, but traveling in opposite directions, continuously interfere with each other.

The two places where the two waves always cancel each other = Nodes

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Resonance

Back 38

The process by which an object is made to vibrate by absorbing energy at its natural frequencies.

Front 39

Eardrum

Back 39

Is a touch membrane about . 0.1 mm thick. When incoming sound waves reach the eardrum, they transfer their energy to it and it vibrates.

Front 40

Cochlea

Back 40

Is a spiral-shaped structure that is filled with liquid and contains tiny hair cells.
This is what converts sound wave to nerve impulses.

Front 41

Intensity

Back 41

Is the amount of energy that flows through a certain area in a specific amount of time.

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Loudness

Back 42

Is the human perception of sound intensity sound wave with high intensity carry more energy.

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Decibel

Back 43

Each unit on the scale for sound intensity.

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Pitch

Back 44

This is how high or low a sound seems to be.

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Ultrasonic waves

Back 45

Most people can't hear sound frequencies above 20,000 Hzs.

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Doppler effect

Back 46

The change in pitch or wave frequency due to a moving wave source.

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Music

Back 47

Is made of sounds that are deliberately used in a regular pattern.

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Sound quality

Back 48

Describes the differences among sounds of the same pitch and loudness.

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Overtones

Back 49

Is a vibration whose frequency is a multiple frequency of the fundamental frequency.

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Resonator

Back 50

Is a hollow chamber filled with air that amplifies sound when the air inside of it vibrates.

Front 51

Acoustics

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Which is the study of sound.
(soft, porous materials can reduce excess reverberation)

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Echolocation

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Is the process of locating objects by emitting sounds and interrupting the sound waves that are reflected back.

Front 53

Electromagnetic waves

Back 53

Are made by vibrating electric charge and can travel through space where matter is not present,

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Radiant energy

Back 54

The energy carried by an electromagnetic wave.

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Photon

Back 55

Electromagnetic waves can behave as a particle whose energy depends on the frequency of the waves.

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Carrier wave

Back 56

The specific frequency of the electromagnetic wave that a radio station is assigned

Front 57

Cathode-ray tube

Back 57

Is a scaled vacuum tube in which one or more beams of electrons are produced.

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Transceiver

Back 58

Transmits one radio signal and receives another radio signal from a base unit.

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Global Positioning system (GPS)

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Is a system of satellites, ground monitoring stations, and receivers that determine your exact location at or above Earth's surface.

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Opaque

Back 60

Material that absorbs or reflects all light and does not transmit any light.

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Translucent

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Material that transmit some light but not enough to see objects clearly through it.

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Transparent

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Material that transmit almost all the light striking it so that objects can be clearly seen through it.

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Index of refraction

Back 63

A property of the material that indicates how much the speed of light in the materials is reduced.

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Mirage

Back 64

An image of a distant object produced by the refraction of light through air layers of different densities.

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Pigment

Back 65

Is a colored material that is used to change the color of other substances.

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Incandescent light

Back 66

Generated by heating a piece of metal until it glows.

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Fluorescent light

Back 67

Uses phosphors to convert ultraviolet radiation to visible light.

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Coherent light

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Is light of only one wavelength that travels with its crests and troughs aligned.

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Incoherent light

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Can contain more than one wavelength, and its electromagnetic waves are not aligned.

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Polarized light

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The waves vibrate in only one direction.

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Holography

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Is a technique that produces a hologram - a complete 3-dimensional photographic image of an object.

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Total Internal Reflection

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Occurs when light traveling from one medium to another is completely reflected at the boundary between the two materials.

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Plane mirror

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A flat, smooth mirror

Front 74

Virtual image

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An image your brain perceives even even though no light rays pass through it is called.

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Concave mirrors

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If the surface of a mirror is curved inward.

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Optical mirror

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Is an imaginary straight line drawn perpendicular to the surface of the mirror at its center.

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Focal Point

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Reflected through a point on the optical axis.

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Focal length

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The distance from the center of the mirror to the focal point.

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Real Image

Back 79

Is formed when light rays converge to form the image.

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Convex mirror

Back 80

A mirror that curves outward like the back of a spoon.

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Convex Lens

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Is the THICKER in the middle than at the edges.

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Concave lens

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Is THINNER in the middle and THICKER at the edges.

Front 83

Cornea

Back 83

A transparent covering which causes light rays to bend so that they converge.

Front 84

Retina

Back 84

Is the inner lining of your eye.
It has cells that convert light image into electrical signals.