Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Asthenosphere
|
a partly molten layer in Earth's upper mantle just below the lithosphere
|
|
|
Continental drift theory
|
the theory that the continents have not always been in their present locations but have moved there over millions of years
|
|
|
Converging plates
|
tectonic plates that are colliding
|
|
|
diverging plates
|
tectonic plates that are spreading apart
|
|
|
earthquakes
|
ground shaking release of built up energy at or under Earth's surface
|
|
|
Epicentre
|
the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus where an earthquake starts
|
|
|
faults
|
large breaks in rock layers
|
|
|
hot spot
|
an area where molten rock rises to Earth's surface
|
|
|
inner core
|
Earth's solid centre
|
|
|
lithosphere
|
the layer of Earth made up of the crust and uppermost mantle and ranging in thickness from 65 km to 100 km
|
|
|
mantle
|
Earth's thickest layer, lying just below the crust and making up 70 percent of Earth's volume
|
|
|
mantle convection
|
hotter, less dense material rises, cools, and then sinks again.
|
|
|
outer core
|
the layer below Earth's mantle
|
|
|
paleoglaciation
|
the extent of ancient glaciers; also the rock markings they left behind
|
|
|
plate boundary
|
the region where two tectonic plates are in contact
|
|
|
plate tectonic theory
|
the theory that the lithosphere is broken up into large plates that move and then rejoin
|
|
|
primary waves
|
a type of seismic body wave that travels at about 6km/s through Earth's crust, causing the ground to move in the direction of the wave's motion
|
|
|
ridge push
|
the proceess in which new material at a ridge or rift pushes older material aside, move the tectonic plates away from the ridge
|
|
|
slab pull
|
the pulling of a tectonic plate as its edge subducts deep into the mantle
|
|
|
rift valley
|
a steep-sided valley formed on land when magma rises to Earth's surface at a spreading centre
|
|
|
secondary waves
|
a type of seismic body wave that travels at about 3.5km/s, causing the ground to move perpendicular to the direction of the wave's motion
|
|
|
spreading ridge
|
the region where magma breaks through Earth's surface, continually forcing apart old rock and forming new sea floor
|
|
|
subduction zone
|
areas of subduction, which typically experience large earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
|
|
|
surface waves
|
seismic waves that ripple along Earth's surface
|
|
|
tectonic plates
|
the large slabs of rock that form Earth's surface, moving over a layer of partly molten rock
|
|
|
transform fault
|
a fault that occurs at a transform plate boundary
|
|
|
trench
|
a deep underwater valley that is formed when an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate and is forced to slide beneath it
|
|
|
volcanic belt
|
a long chain of volcanoes
|
|
|
Volcanic island arc
|
a long chain of volcanic island
|
