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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define rate of reaction |
how quickly or slowly reactants turn into products |
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what are the four factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions are |
temperature, concentration, surface area, and the presence of a catalyst
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increasing temperature causes |
the particles (atoms or molecules) of the reactants to move more quickly so that they collide with each other more frequently and with more energy
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higher the temperature, |
greater the rate of reaction (vice versa)
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define concentration |
refers to how much solute is dissolved in a solution |
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if a greater concentration of reactant atoms and molecules is present, |
there is a greater chance that collisions will occur among them
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increase concentration |
higher reaction rate (vice versa) |
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define surface area |
measure of how much area of an object is exposed |
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for the same mass, |
many small particles have a greater total sa than one large particle |
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steel wool has a larger |
sa than a block of steel of the same mass |
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more sa |
higher rate of reaction (vice versa) |
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define catalyst |
substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction itself |
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how do catalysts work |
reduces the amount of energy required to break and form bonds during a chemical reaction |
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when catalysts are used, |
- a reaction can proceed although less energy is added during the reaction - in other words, lowering bond breaking energy |
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example of catalyst |
- enzymes - allow chemical reactions to occur at relatively low temperatures within the body |
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why is sa important if the reaction occurs between two liquids that cannot mix |
reaction can only occur at the boundary where the two liquids meet |
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what are enzymes |
large organic molecules, usually in proteins which speed up reactions in living cells |
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what are catalyst converters and what are their usages |
- stainless steel device located underneath the frame of a vehicle - inside it is a ceramic or wire honeycomb - like structure that provides a large surface area for reactants to take place |
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define dilute |
make (a liquid) thinner or weaker by adding water or another solvent to it |
