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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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volcano
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A weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface.
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lava flow
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The area covered by lava as it pours out of a volcano's vent.
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lava
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Liquid magma that reaches the surface; also, the rock formed when liquid lava hardens.
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island arc
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A string of islands formed by the volcanoes along a deep ocean trench.
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magma chamber
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The pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects.
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hot spot
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An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts though the crust above it.
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pipe
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A long tube through which magma moves from the magma chamber to Earth's surface.
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vent
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The opening through which molten rock and gas leave a volcano.
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crater
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A bowl-shaped area that forms around a volcano's central opening.
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pyroclastic flow
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The expulsion of ash, cinders, bombs, and gases during an explosive volcanic eruption.
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magma
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The molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle.
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Ring of Fire
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A major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean.
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extinct
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A volcano that is no longer active and is unlikely to erupt again.
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silica
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A material found in magma that is formed from the elements oxygen and silicon.
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dormant
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A volcano that is not currently active, but may become active in the future.
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geyser
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A fountain of water and stem that builds up pressure underground and erupts at regular intervals.
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shield volcano
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A wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions.
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cinder cone
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A steep, cone-shaped hill or small mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs piled up around a volcano's opening.
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composite volcano
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A tall, con-shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic materials.
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caldera
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The large hole at the top of a volcano formed when the roof of a volcano's magma chamber collapses.
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volcanic neck
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A deposit of hardened magma in a volcano's pipe.
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dike
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A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma forces itself across rock layers.
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sill
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A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma squeezes between layers of rock.
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intrusion
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An igneous rock layer formed when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface.
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batholith
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A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust.
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basin
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A broad, bowl-shaped valley formed where the crust is bent downward.
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Central Valley
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The largest basin in California that lies between the Coast Ranges and the Sierra Nevada. Also called the Great Valley.
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