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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mouth
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Point of entry for food to the digestive system
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esophagus
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long muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach
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sphincter
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a circular muscle that opens and closes to control the flow of food and fluids. Examples of these are at the top and bottom of the stomach.
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stomach
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the chamber where food is broken down by the gastric juices into a mixture of nutrients, water, gastric juice and partially digested food called chyme
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bolus
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a small piece of food that has been chewed and covered in saliva
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salivary glands
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the organ that produces the liquid that starts chemical digestion and helps us swallow food
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saliva
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a liquid that contains the enzyme amylase and starts chemical digestion and helps us swallow food
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amylase
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an enzyme in saliva that starts chemical digestion in the mouth by helping break down starches into sugars
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enzyme
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a special protein created by the body to help start chemical reactions - particularly in the break down of food
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ingestion
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the process of taking food into the mouth to begin breaking it down - the first step in the digestive cycle
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epiglottis
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the small piece of cartilage that acts as a flap to cover the entrance to larynx and prevents food and liquid from getting into the respiratory system
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peristalsis
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the process of swallowing where the muscles in the esophagus contract in sequence to push the bolus down to the stomach
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gastric acid (juices)
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a combination of hydrochloric acid, pepsin and salts that works with digestive enzymes to chemically breakdown food into its nutrient parts
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mucus lining
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the protective layer on the inside of the stomach that protects the stomach wall from gastric acid
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chyme
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the semi-liquid mixture of nutrients, food particles and gastric acid that leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum
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duodenum
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the beginning channel of the small intestine where any remaining gastric acid is neutralised and more enzymes are added to further break down fats and other nutrients
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pancreas
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the organ that produces the digestive enzymes needed to break down fats, proteins and carbohydrates. It also produces the hormone insulin to control blood sugar levels and neutralises the gastric acid in chyme.
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small intestine
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the tube-like structure that is where most of the nutrients from food are absorbed into the blood through the villi
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villi (singular: villus)
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the millions of fold-like fingers that line the small intestine and absorb nutrients from the chyme into the blood through the capillaries in each one. The great number of these increase the surface area of the small intestine a huge amount from what it would be if it was just a flat wall, meaning that it is able to absorb a lot more nutrients in the same amount of time.
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large intestine
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the long tube where undigested chyme remaining after the small intestine is squeezed to remove water and some remaining nutrients.
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gall bladder
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the small organ that stores bile produced by the liver and releases it into the duodenum to break down fats
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bile
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a greenish-brown coloured liquid produced by the liver that contains salts, which break down fats
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liver
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a large organ that creates bile, stores glycogen for future energy use, detoxifies the blood, and breaks down red blood cells
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