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12 Cards in this Set

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threat assessment
which uses a set of strategies or pathways to determine the credibility and seriousness of a threat and the likelihood that it will be carried out
Secret Service and FBI findings about the factors that lead to school violence include (11):
1. School violence is not an epidemic
2. All school shooters are not alike and there is no accurate profile of the violent offender
3. School shooters often have social difficulties, but they are not always loners
4. Although a common factor, revenge is not the exclusive motivation for school shootings
5. Most attackers had previously used guns and had access to them, but access to weapons is not the most significant risk factor
6. Unusual or aberrant behaviors or interests are not the hallmark of a student destined to become violent
7. Incidents of targeted violence at school are rarely impulsive
8. Prior to most incidents, the attacker told someone about his/her idea or plans
Most shooting incidents were not resolved by law enforcement
9. In many cases, other students were involved in some capacity
10. In a number of cases, bullying played a key role in and could have been a predictor of the attack
11. Prior to the incident, most attackers engaged in behavior that caused concern
Direct threat
identifies a specific act against a specific target delivered in a straightforward, clear, and explicit manner
Indirect threat
tends to be vague, unclear and ambiguous. Violence is implied, but threat is phrased tentatively, and suggests that a violent act could occur, not that it will occur.
Veiled threat
is one that strongly implies but does not explicitly threaten violence.
Conditional threat
is often seen in extortion cases. It warns that a violent act will happen unless certain demands or terms are met
Low Level of Threat
Poses a minimal risk to the victim and public safety
Is vague and indirect
Information is inconsistent, implausible or lacks detail
Lacks realism
Content suggests person is unlikely to carry out the threat
Medium Level of Threat
Could be carried out, although it may not appear entirely realistic
More direct and more concrete than a low level threat
Wording suggests the individual has given some thought to how the act will be carried out
Includes a general indication of place and time but signs still fall well short of a detailed plan
No strong indication that the individual has taken preparatory steps
Statements seek to convey that the threat is not empty: "I'm serious!" or "I really mean this!"
High Level of Threat
Direct, specific, and plausible
Appears to pose imminent and serious danger to safety of others
Suggests concrete steps have been taken, i.e., stalking or acquisition of a weapon
Almost always requires bringing in law enforcement
Four-Pronged Threat Assessment Model that examines:
1. Personality of the Student
2. School Dynamics
3. Social Dynamics
4. Family Dynamics
What are three things to keep in mind when talking about a suicide with a group of students?
It is important to be honest with students about the scope of the problem of youth suicide and the key role that everyone (including the student) plays in prevention.
It is important to balance being truthful and honest without violating the privacy of the suicide victim and his/her family and to take care not to glorify their actions.
It is important to have the facts of the incident, be alert to speculation and erroneous information that may be circulating and assertively, yet kindly, redirect students toward productive, healthy conversation.
What are some commonly asked questions after a suicide and appropriate answers for students?
Why did he /she die by suicide? We are never going to know the answer to that question as the answer has died with him/her. The focus needs to be on helping you with your thoughts and feelings and everyone working together to prevent future suicides rather than explaining "why".

What method did they use to end their life? Answer specifically with information as to the method such as he/she shot herself or died by hanging but do not go into explicit details such as what was the type of gun or rope used or the condition of the body etc.

Why didn't God stop him/her? There are varying religious beliefs about suicide and you are all free to have your own beliefs. However, many religious leaders have used the expression "God sounded the alarm but could not stop him/her." God has embraced them yes, and he/she is in whatever afterlife you believe in, but God is actually saddened that he/she did not stay on this earth and do God's work over their natural lifetime."

What should I say about him/her now that they have made the choice to die by suicide? It is important that we remember the positive things about them and to respect their privacy and that of their family. Please be sensitive to the needs of their close friends and family members.

Didn't he/she make a poor choice and is it okay to be angry with them? They did make a very poor choice and research has found that many young people who survived a suicide attempt are very glad to be alive and never attempted suicide again. You have permission for any and all your feelings in the aftermath of suicide and it is okay to be angry with them.

Isn't someone or something to blame for this suicide? The suicide victim made a very poor choice and there is no one to blame. The decision to die by suicide involved every interaction and experience throughout the young person's entire life up until the moment they died and yet it did not have to happen. It is the fault of no one.

How can I cope with this suicide? It is important to remember what or who has helped you cope when you have had to deal with sad things in your life before. Please turn to the important adults in your life for help and share your feelings with them. It is important to maintain normal routines, proper sleeping and eating habits and to engage in regular exercise. Please avoid drugs and alcohol. Resiliency which is the ability to bounce back from adversity is a learned behavior. Everyone does the best when surrounded by friends and family who care about us and by viewing the future in a positive manner.

What is an appropriate memorial to a suicide victim? The most appropriate memorial is a living one such as a scholarship fund or contributions to support suicide prevention. The American Association of Suicidology cautions that permanent markers or memorials such as plaques or trees planted in memory of the deceased dramatize and glorify their actions. Special pages in yearbooks or school activities dedicated to the suicide victim are also not recommended as anything that glorifies the suicide victim will contribute to other teenagers considering suicide.

How serious is the problem of youth suicide? It is the third leading cause of death for teenagers and the eighth leading cause of death for all Americans. Approximately 30,000 Americans die by suicide each year.

What are the warning signs of suicide? The most common signs are the following: making a suicide attempt, verbal and written statements about death and suicide, fascination and preoccupation with death, giving away of prized possessions, saying goodbye to friends and family, making out wills, and dramatic changes in behavior and personality.

What should I do if I believe someone to be suicidal? Listen to them, support them and let them know that they are not the first person to feels this way. There is help available and mental health professionals such as counselors and psychologists have special training to help young people who are suicidal. Do not keep a secret about suicidal behavior and save a life by getting adult help as that is what a good friend does and someday your friend will thank you.

How does the crisis hotline work? there are crisis hotlines that are available 24 hours a day and manned by trained volunteers. The national suicide hotline and that can be reached via 1-800-Suicide.

How can I make a difference in suicide prevention? Know the warnings signs, listen to your friends carefully, do not hesitate to get adult help and, remember that most youth suicides can be prevented.

Where can I go for more information about preventing suicide? Contact the American Association of Suicidology at www.suicidology.org or the Yellow Ribbon Suicide Prevention Program at www.yellowribbon.org