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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ResearchQuestions in Experimental-Type Design |
•Providesthe entry into an investigation with a prescribed structure •Establishesthe boundaries or limits as to what concepts, individuals, or phenomena will beexamined in the study •Mustbe posed a priori•Isthe basis from which all subsequent research action processes are developed,implemented, and judged for rigor |
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Levelsof Research Questions in Experimental-Type Design |
•LevelI: Descriptive of one concept or variable in a population •LevelII: Explores relationships among phenomena that have already been identifiedand described •LevelIII: Asks about a cause-and-effect relationship among two or more variables,with the specific purpose of testing knowledge or the theory behind theknowledge |
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WhatIs a Hypothesis? |
•Aproposition to be tested or a tentative statement of a relationship between twovariables •Developedfor Level II and Level III questions •Formsan important link between the research question and the design of the study•Rephrasesthe research question into a testable or measurable statement |
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ResearchQueries in Naturalistic Inquiry |
•Anaturalistic-type inquiry begins by identifying a topic and a broad problemarea or specifying a particular phenomenon from which a query is pursued. •A “query” is abroad statement that identifies the phenomenon or natural field of interest. •Contentand structure of queries depend on the selected design. |
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MixedMethod Designs |
•Becausethese designs combine different research traditions and approaches, they may becomplex. •Mixedmethod designs rely on the formulation of a query, a question, or both and mayorder the formulation of these in diverse ways to accomplish the overallresearch purpose. |
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Level 1 research questions describe what? |
Level 1 research questions describingone concept or variable in a population. i.e.,What is the frequency of agitated behaviors in community-dwelling people withmiddle stage of dementia? |
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Level 2 research questions describe what? |
Level 2 research questions exploring the relationship among variables. i.e.,What is the relationship between agitated behaviors of community-dwelling peoplewith middle stage of dementia and the primary family caregiver burden? |
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Level 3 research questions describe what? |
Level 3 research questions askingabout a cause-and effect relationship among two or more variables/ comparinggroups on outcomes. i.e.,Is the Tailored Activity Program (TAP) effective in reducing agitated behaviorsof community-dwelling people with middle stage dementia and the primary family caregiverburden? - |
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Null hypothesis predicts what? |
Nullhypothesis predicts no difference or no relationship |
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what are the two types of ¨ Alternative hypothesis and describe them |
¤ Directionalhypothesis (predict direction of difference or relationship)n “Negative faculty attitudes areassociated with lower admission rates for students with mobility impairments inpublic health curricula.” n “There will be significantly fewerstudents admitted to programs with unfavorable faculty attitudes than toprograms with favorable faculty attitudes toward inclusion.” ¤ Nondirectionalhypothesis (predict a difference or relationship, but not its direction)n “Faculty attitudes are related to lowadmission rates.” n “There will be a significantdifference in admission rates between programs with and programs withoutpositive faculty attitudes toward inclusion of students with disabilities.”- |
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It is hypothesized that college students who havefirm career goals achieve higher GPAs than those who do not have firm careergoals.” Is this a “directional” or a “nondirectional” hypothesis? |
Directional. In a directionalhypothesis, researchers predict which group will be higher or have more of someattribute. |
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“Is it hypothesized that children of immigrants andchildren of native-born citizens differ in their attitudes toward school.” Isthis a “directional” or a “nondirectional” hypothesis? |
Nondirectional because it doesnot predict which group will have more positive attitudes toward school |
