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41 Cards in this Set

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What is a Delusion?
A false belief based off of a false representation of reality that is held onto despite evidence to the contrary; distortions in thought content
What is a hallucination?
A distortion in sensory perception
What is psychosis?
False ego boundaries
What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
the ones that show an excess or distortion of normal functions like delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior
What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Include restrictions in the range and intensity of emotional expression, such as a flattened affect, disturbed fluency and productivity in thought and speech, and in the initiation of goal-oriented behavior (avolition)
Schneider's 1st Symptoms

What are they?
1. Hears voices speaking thoughts
2. hears voices arguing about him/her
3. hears voices announcing their actions
4. ascribes special/excessive sig to things that are normal
5. experiences bodily symptoms that he/she attributes to outside circumstances
6. experiences thought insertion
7. believes someone/thing is taking away their thoughts
8. Person believes others can hear his thoughts
9. Person believes his thoughts/feelings are controlled by others
10. Desires & impulses are controlled or given by others
11. Person believes psychomotor activity is controlled by others
What is somatic passivity?
One of Schneider's first symptoms of schizophrenia; when someone experiences bodily symptoms that he/she attributes to outside circumstances
What is the DSM criteria for Schizophrenia?
MUST: at least 2 of 5 symptom types for 6 or more months
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized behavior
- negative symptoms
- disorganized speech
What are the 5 types of symptoms that are needed to diagnose Schizophrenia?
delusions
hallucinations
disorganized behavior
negative symptoms
disorganized speech
What population does Schizophrenia usually appear in? Who does it rarely occur in? Who has a better prognosis?
Appears most in: teens & 20s
Rare in: children
Best prognosis: ppl in developing nations
What kinds of signs will you see in someone w/ Schizophrenia?
disorganized bx, loosened associations, circumstantiality (irrelevant changes in speech), tangentiality, poverty of content, neologisms (forms words by connecting other words and assigning meaning), word salad (complete & utter mush), ideas of reference (add meaning to something normal)
What are the subtypes of Schizophrenia?
1. Disorganized- look the craziest; disorg speech & bx
2. Catatonic - odd movements & a stupor
3. Paranoid- appears normal but focused on delusion
4. Residual-
5. Undifferentiated
Specifiers used with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia
Episodic w/Interepisode residual symptoms
Episodic with prominent
Episodic With Interepisode Residual Symptoms
Specifier for when patient features at least 2 of these
1. delusions
2. hallucinations
3. disorganized speech
4. disorganized or catatonic behavior
5. negative symptoms
(each is present for a significant portion of time during a 1 month period)
AND there are clinically significant residual symptoms btwn episodes

(if prominent negative symptoms are present, add this)
Schizophrenia- Single Episode in Partial Remision
experiences at least 2 of 5 (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorg/catatonic bx, negative symptoms) for the majority of a 1 month span

when only one episode has featured all of the Criterion A and there are some clinically sig residual symptoms

if prominent negative symptoms remain, note them
Episodic W/No Interepisode Residual Symptoms
When episodes feature 2-5 of the symptoms for the majority of 1 month

AND

there are no clinically significant residual symptoms btwn episodes
Schizophrenia - Continuous
when the characteristic symptoms of Criteria A are met throughout all or most of the course

AND
ADD "w/prominent negative symptoms" if they are there
Schizophrenia- w/ Prominent Negative Symptoms
when the characteristic symptoms of Criteria A are met throughout all or most of the course

AND
Prominent Negative Symptoms are present
Schizophrenia - Single Episode in Full Remission
One episode has met Criterion A and no clinically significant residual symptoms remain
Schizophrenia - other or unspecified pattern
used if another or an unspecified course pattern has been present
What are the specifiers for Schizophrenia?
- episodic w/interepisode residual symptoms (w/ or w/o prominent (-) symptoms)

- episodic w/o interepisode residual symptoms

-continuous (w/ or w/o prominent (-) symptoms)

- single episode in partial remission (w/ or w/o prominent (-) symptoms

-single episode in full remission

-other/unspecified pattern
List the subtypes for Schizophrenia
Residual
Undifferentiated
Catatonic
Disorganized
Paranoid
How are Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Mood Disorder w/Psychotic Features different?
Psychotic symptoms only w/mood disturbance -> MD w/Psych Features

Mood episode concurrent w/active phase symptoms of Schiz, mood present for most of duration ofdisturbance, & delusions/hallucinations for at least 2 weeks in absence of major mood symptoms --> Schizoaffective

brief mood symptoms relative to duration of disturbance, only happen during prodromal/residual phases, or don't qualify as mood episode --> Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia vs Delusional Disorder
Bizarre &/or hallucianations etc -> Schizophrenia

nonbizarre --> delusional disorder
What are the disorders under Schizophrenia & other Psychotic Disorders?
Schizophrenia
Schizophreniform Disorder
Schizoaffective Disorder
Dellusional Disorder
Brief PD
Shared PD
PD Due to GMC
Substance-Induced PD
PD NOS
Name the general diagnostic catagories for Schizophrenia
A. Characteristic (Active Phase Symptoms)

B. Social/Occupational Dysfunction
C. Duration Requirement
D. Schizoaffective & Mood Disorder Exclusion

E. Substance or General Medical Exclusion

F. Conditions Regarding Relationship to a Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Name the Diagnostic Criteria for Characteristic Active-Phase Symptoms For Schizophrenia
At least 2 of the following symptoms appear for a significant portion of a 1 month period:

1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations
3. Disorganized speech
4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
5. Negative Symptoms
Name the Diagnostic Criteria for Characteristic Active-Phase Symptoms For Schizophrenia
Continuous signs for at least 6 months

At least 1 month meets items "A" active-phase symptoms

May include periods of prodromal or residual symptoms

During prodromal or residual periods, signs may include only (-) symptoms or at least 2 item "A" active phase symptoms
Describe the Diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia Paranoid Type
A. Preoccupation w/1 or more delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations

B. None of these is prominent:
1. Disorganized speech
2. Disorganized behavior
3. Catatonic behaviors
4. Flat or inappropriate affect

Bx - aloofness, anger, patronizing, later in life; better prognosis
Describe the Diagnostic Criteria for Schizophrenia, Disorganized Type
1. Disorganized speech
2. Disorganized Behavior
3. Flat or inappropriate affect
B. Not Catatonic Type

Bx - may be silly; poor premorbid personality, early & insidious onset, few significant remissions
Describe the Diagnostic Criteria for Schizophrenia, Catatonic Type
At least two of the following:

1. Motoric immobility
2. Purposeless and excessive motor activity
3. Extreme negativism or mutism
4. Odd voluntary movements or mannerisms
5. Echolalia (parroting) or echopraxia (mirroring mvmnts)

*
Describe the Diagnostic Criteria for Schizophrenia, Undifferentiated Type
Item "A" symptoms are present

Not Paranoid, Disorganized, or Catatonic Type
Describe the Diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia, Residual Type
A. No prominent delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or catatonic or grossly disorganized behavior

B. A continuing disturbance, indicated by either negative symptoms or at least two item "A" active-phase symptoms
What is criterion A for Schizophrenia?
2 or more of the following, each present for majority of 1 month period

1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations
3. Disorganized speech
4. Grossly disorg or catatonic bx
5. (-) symptoms
Describe the Diagnostic Criteria for Schizophreniform Disorder
Duration: 1-6 months

Criterion A - at least 2 (delusions, hallucinations, neg symptoms, disorg speech, disorg/catatonic bx

Does NOT req impaired social/occup functioning
When is schizophreniform diagnosed?
1. after patient has recovered
2. while symptomatic but not long enough for schiz (but Provisional)
What are Schizophreniform's specifiers?
w/good prognostic features
IF - 2 or more -
1. onset of prom psych symptoms w/in 4 wks of 1st noticeable change in usual bx
2. confusion/perplexity at height of psychotic ep
3. good premorbid social & occup functioning
4. absence of blunted or flat affect

-W/O Good Prognostic Features - if doesn't meet the above
Describe the Diagnostic Criteria for Schizoaffective Disorder
Criterion A from Schiz
+ uninterrupted period of illness during which MDD, Manic, or Mixed Ep occur concurrent w/Crit A

+must be delusions/hallucinations for at least 2 wks in absence of major mood symptoms

+mood symptoms are usually there

* Note if Bipolar or Depressive Type
Delusional Disorder - subtypes?
erotomanic
grandiose
jealous
persecutory
somatic
mixed
unspecified
Describe the Diagnostic Criteria for Delusional Disorder
Nonbizzare delusions lasting at least 1 month
No functional impairment or odd bx
Doesn't meet Crit A
Brief Psychotic Disorder - Specifiers?
W/ or W/O Marked stressors
w/Postpartum onset