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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the symptoms of Active Schizphrenia?
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Delusions, Hallucinations, Disordered thinking, Bizarre behavior, violence
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What are the symptoms of Passive Schizophrenia?
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Withdrawal from interaction with people
No emotional response |
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How many people are affected with schizophrenia in the US?
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2 million
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Approximately how many people in the US are being treated for schizphrenia
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only half
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When does schizohrenia usually start
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in adolescents or early adulthood
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What is the suicide rate for people with schizophrenia
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about 10%
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What is the cause of schizophrenia
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There is a genetic compenent that is found with twin studies and higher incidences in families
there is also an environmental component |
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What is the pathophysiology of schizophrenia
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either too many dopamine receptors or they are too sensitive
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What is the 1st anti-psychotic drug?
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Chlorpromazine
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What are the low potency typical antipsychotic agents?
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thioridizine and chlorpromazine
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What is the mechanism of the low potency typical anti-psychotics?
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block dopamine1(DA1) and dopamine2(DA2) receptors
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What is the mechanism of action of thioridizine?
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block dopamine1(DA1) and dopamine2(DA2) receptors
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What is the mechanism of action of chlorpromazine?
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block dopamine1(DA1) and dopamine2(DA2) receptors
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What are the side affects of thioridizine?
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sedation and some extrapyramidal effects
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What are the side effects of chlorpromazine?
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sedation and some extrapyramidal effects
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What are the high potency typical anti-psychotic agents?
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trifluoperazine and haloperidol
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What is the difference between low potency and high potency anti-psychotic agents
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They have more extra pyramidal effects then sedation
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What is the mechanism of trifluoperazine?
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Work on DA1 and DA2
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What is the mechanism of haloperidol
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Work on DA1 and DA2
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What are the atypical anti-psychotics
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clozapine, olanzapine, riperidone, aripirazole
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What is the mechanism of action of the atypical anti-psychotics?
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Act on DA2 and serotonin receptors
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What is the mechanism of action of clozapine?
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Act on DA2 and serotonin receptors
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What is the mechanism of action of olanzapine?
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Act on DA2 and serotonin receptors
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What is the mechanism of action of riperidone
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block DA2 and serotonin receptors
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What is the difference between the atypical and the typical anti-psychotics?
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fewer side affects and the atypical may work better with negative side affects
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What long is the onset of the typical anti-psychotic drugs?
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All take as least several days to work and several weeks to have a full affect
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What is the distribution of the typical anti-psychotic drugs?
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They are highly lipid soluble and tightly bound to circulating proteins in the blood and may be possible to discontinue use and still see metabolites in the blood 18 months later
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What other receptors might the typical anti-psychotic drugs work on?
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histamine, norepi, serotonin
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Where are the sites of action for the typical anti-psychotic drugs in the CNS and what will the effects of each be?
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Cortical Sites- will lower intellectual function
Basal Ganglion - will cause extrapyramidal effects Hypothalmus - will alter hormone function Chemoreceptor trigger zone Anti-emetics - prevent nausea |
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What are the two sites major sites of action for the typical anti-psychotic drugs
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CNS and autonomic
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What affects do the typical anti-psychotics drugs have in the autonomic system
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Anti-cholineurgic and antihistamine
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What percentage of patients will have extra pyramidal effects if they take typical anti-psychotics?
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40%
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What are dystonias?
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Movement of the head neck and face
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What do extrapyramidal effects consist of?
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Bradykinesia, tremors, kinesia, dystonias, ocucogynic crisis and akathisia
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What is a ocuogynic crsis?
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A fixed stare
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What is akathisia
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need for constant movement
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What are the extrapyamidal effects of the typical anti-psychotic drugs treated with
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an anti-cholineurgic drug - benztropine
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Why does sedation occur when one uses typical anti-psychotics?
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Due to the anti-histamine affects of the autonomic nervous system
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Why does postural hypotension occur when administration of typical anti-psychotics
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Due to a alpha 1 blockade
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What are the alterations in the visual systems that can occur with typical anti-psychotics?
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diplopia, photophobia, glaucoma, dry eye, blurry vision, irreversible pigmentation of lens, sclera and conj
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Why is the glaucoma worsened when one takes a typical anti-psychotic agent?
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Due to the anti-cholinergic effects
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What endocrine disturbances occur with typical anti-psychotics
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increase in prolactin
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What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
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high fever, high blood pressure and msucle rigidity
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What are the side effects of typical anti-psychotic drugs?
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extrapyramidal effects, sedation, postural hypotension, hypersensitivity reaction, alterations in the visual system, Endocrine disturbances, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, dysphoria
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What will the typical antipsychotic drugs interact with
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Any other CNS drug including alcohol
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What other uses do the typical anti-psychotic drugs have besides schizophrenia
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treatment of prolonged hiccups
treatment of tourettes Motion sickness by decreasing nausea |
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What are the differences between the typical and the atypical anti-psychotics?
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All have fewer extrapyramidal effects, fewer hormonal effects but can cause sedation, weight gain and associated with diabetes and agranulocytosis
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What are the negative side effects of atypical anti-psychotics not seen with typical anti-psychotics
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more sedation, weight gain, they are associated with diabetes and agranulocytosis
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What are the atypical anti-psychotics?
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clozapine, aripiprazole, risperdone, olanzapine
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What is the trade name of aripirazole?
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abilify
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What is apripirazole used to treat
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Can be used as an atypical anti-psychotic to treat schizophrena or to treat bipolar disorder
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