Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia

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a severe mental illness where contact with reality and insight are impaired, an example of psychosis

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classification of a mental disorder

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the process of organising symptoms into Pos based on which symptoms cluster together in suffers

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Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

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Atypical symptoms experienced in ADDITION to normal experiences

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Hallucinations

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Positive symptom of schizophrenia. They are sensory experiences of stimuli that have either no basis in reality or are distorted perceptions of things that are there.

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Delusions

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Positive symptom of schizophrenia. They involve beliefs that have no basis in reality e.g. belief that the sufferer is someone else or that they are the victim of a conspiracy.

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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

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Atypical experiences that represent the LOSS of a usual experience e.g clear thinking or 'normal' levels of motivation

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Speech poverty

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Negative symptom of schizophrenia. Involves reduction in frequency and quality of speech.

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Avolition

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Negative symptom of schizophrenia. Involves LOSS of motivation to carry out tasks and results in lowered activity levels.

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Symptom overlap

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Occurs when two or more conditions share symptoms. Where conditions share many symptoms this causes question in the validity of classifying the two disorders separately.

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Co-morbidity

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The occurrence of two illnesses or conditions together e.g. both has schizophrenia and a personality disorder. Where two conditions are frequently diagnosed together it calls into question the validity of classifying the two disorders separately.

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Genetics

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Genes consist of DNA strands.

DNA- instructions for general physical features e.g eye colour

and specific physical features e.g. levels of neurotransmitters

they may impact psychological features and are inherited from parents.

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Dopamind

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Neurotransmitter generally with an excitatory effect and associated with pleasure.

High levels associated with schizophrenia

Low levels associated with Parkinson's disease.

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Neural correlates

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Patterns of structure or activity in the brain that occur in conjunction with an experience and may be implicated in the origins of that experience

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Family dysfunction

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Abnormal processes within a family such as poor family communication/ cold parenting. These may be risk factors for both the development and maintenance of schizophrenia.

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Family dysfunction

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Abnormal processes within a family such as poor family communication/ cold parenting. These may be risk factors for both the development and maintenance of schizophrenia.

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Cognitive explanation

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Explaining that focuses on mental processes such as thinking, language and attention.

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Family dysfunction

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Abnormal processes within a family such as poor family communication/ cold parenting. These may be risk factors for both the development and maintenance of schizophrenia.

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Cognitive explanation

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Explaining that focuses on mental processes such as thinking, language and attention.

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Dysfunctional thought processing

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General term meaning information processing that is not functioning normally and produces undesirable consequences.

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antipyschotics

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Drugs used to reduce symptoms, in particular the positive symptoms

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Typical antipsychotics

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The first generation of antipsychotic drugs, having been used since the 1950's.

They work as dopamine antagonists including Chlopromazine

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Atypical antipsychotics

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Drugs for schizophrenia (psychotic disorder) developed after typical antipyschotics. They typically target a range of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and seratonin

e.g. Clozapine

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Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)

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Method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques. Therapy aims to deal with thinking such as challenging negative thoughts.

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Family therapy

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Psychological therapy carried out with family members with the aim of improving their communication and reducing home stressb