Schiz

Front 1

dx of schizophrenia requires at least ____ of the _____ types of positive and negative symptoms

Back 1

2 of the 5 types

Front 2

4 positive sx of schizophrenia
what are these sx considered?
4 negative sx of schizophrenia
what are these sx considered?

Back 2

Positive:
1. delusions
2. hallucinations
3. disorganized speech
4. grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
these sx are considered to be psychotic
Negative:
1. withdrawal
2. anhedonia (and loss of spontaneity)
3. anergia (and lack of initiative)
4. affective flattening
these are considered NOT psychotic

Front 3

in which 3 other disorders are the positive and negative sx of schizophrenia found

Back 3

1. bipolar disorder
2. drug-induced states
3. psychoses due to general medical conditions

Front 4

what needs to be absent in order for schizophrenia to be diagnosed?

Back 4

the criteria for major depression or mania must be absent during the same period that psychotic sx are present; it is a dx of exclusion

Front 5

delusions in schizophrenia are usually of this nature
hallucinations in schizophrenia are usually of this nature

Back 5

paranoid, suspicious, and bizarre
auditory

Front 6

the 3 syndromes or types of pathophysiology in schizophrenia
which is most common?

Back 6

positive sx
negative sx
disorganization (loose associations, poverty of thought content)
it is most common to manifest mixtures of all 3 forms at some time, but only 1 or 2 forms may be present at a given time

Front 7

what sx is diagnostic of schizophrenia

Back 7

there is no one sign or sx

Front 8

what 3 things may be seen on brain CT/MRI in schizophrenics?

Back 8

1. ventricular enlargement, associated w/ decreased cerebral brain tissue
2. smaller cerebral and cranial sizes
3. smaller hippocampus

Front 9

________ correlate w/ increased flow in the left temporal lobe in schizophrenia
________ correlate w/ bilateral frontal hypoperfusion in schizophrenia

Back 9

positive sx
negative sx

Front 10

how should neuroleptics be started for schizophrenics?
what are 2 side effects of not dosing properly?

Back 10

low dosages
if dosing is raised rapidly, increases the risk of extrapyramidal sx and secondary negative sx

Front 11

how long does it usually take for schizophrenics to respond to typical antipsychotics?

Back 11

2-6 weeks
optimal is 4-6 weeks

Front 12

what can be added to a neuroleptic in the tx of a schizophrenic if anxiety and agitation aren't adequately controlled?

Back 12

benzos

Front 13

what 2 effects do both low-potency and high-potency antipsychotics have in schizophrenics?

Back 13

decrease agitation
decrease combative behavior

Front 14

this may be used as adjunctive therapy for antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenics , especially when very rapid control of agitated behavior is needed

Back 14

short-course of ECT (6-12 weeks)

Front 15

mainstay of tx of schizophrenia

Back 15

antipsychotic drugs

Front 16

major factor limiting the life of patients w/ schizophrenia

Back 16

suicide

Front 17

2 factors that predict outcome of schizophrenia

Back 17

1. age at onset
2. nature of prodrome and 1st episode

Front 18

what age of onset is worse outcome of schizophrenia?
what nature of prodrome and onset is worse outcome?

Back 18

early onset (14-18 yo)
insidious onset or negative sx
(florid psychosis, abrupt onset, positive sx have good prognosis b/c antipsychotics are more effective)

Front 19

most pts with this disorder will proceed on to meet diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia; however a small number show complete recovery

Back 19

schizophreniform disorder

Front 20

when do you dx a schizophreniform pt with schizophrenia?

Back 20

once the sx have lasted more than 6 months

Front 21

4 characteristics that are more common in schizophreniform pts who have resolution of sx than those who go on to have schizophrenia

Back 21

1. acute onset (often after stressor)
2. good premorbid function
3. mood symptoms predominate
4. FH of mood disorders

Front 22

is overt cognitive impairment common or uncommon in schizophreniform disorder?

Back 22

uncommon

Front 23

sx of schizophrenia w/ superimposed episodes of full depressive or manic sx
how long must sx of schizophrenia be present for the dx of this disorder

Back 23

schizoaffective disorder
2 weeks

Front 24

which type of schizoaffective disorder has consistent sx of schizophrenia w/ cycling mania and depression

Back 24

bipolar type

Front 25

the negative sx of schizophrenia (apathy, withdrawal, avolition, blunted affect) can be confused with...

Back 25

sx of depression

Front 26

how do you tx schizoaffective disorder?

Back 26

antipsychotics for the schizophrenia sx
focus is on tx of the mania (mood stabilizers like lithium, carbamazepine, or valproate) or depression (antidepressants)

Front 27

schizophrenia
schizoaffective
major depression w/ psychotic features
bipolar I disorder
in which are the affective components more pronounced? in which is insight improved?

Back 27

going from top to bottom, the affective component is more prominent, but insight improves

Front 28

social withdrawal
introverted, shy, and asocial w/ few or no friends
highly unusual hobbies (such as the occult)
bizarre thinking
disheveled appearance
poor self-care and grooming

Back 28

schizophrenia

Front 29

affect incongruent w/ state of mind (happy affect while talking about a sad event)
echolalia (repeating what others say)
thought blocking (stop talking in the middle of a sentence)
unable to understand abstract concepts
belief that thoughts are being broadcast or controlled

Back 29

schizophrenia

Front 30

cognitive dysfunction is a cardinal feature of...
how severe is this dysfunction?

Back 30

schizophrenia
the dysfunction is usually not marked; a small % of pts have worsening cognition over the course of their illness

Front 31

children w/ lower IQs and abnormalities in attention and concentration are at risk for...

Back 31

schizophrenia

Front 32

hallucinations, delusions, negative symptoms, disorganization of thought, speech, and behavior lasting 1-6 months

Back 32

schizophreniform disorder

Front 33

this disorder is characterized by prominent mood sx (mania or depression) occurring during the course of a chronic psychotic disorder

Back 33

schizoaffective disorder

Front 34

dx of delusional disorder depends on...

Back 34

the presence of nonbizarre delusions in the ABSENCE of schizophrenic sx (no hallucinations, thought disorder, or prominent negative sx)