Scc Fundamentals Test 3

Front 1

This refers to physical changes that occur over time, such as changes in height, or weight

Back 1

Growth

Front 2

This refers to the process of adapting to one's environment over time

Back 2

Development

Front 3

The influence of the environment on the individual is known as

Back 3

Nurture

Front 4

this refers to genetic endowment

Back 4

Nature

Front 5

A task that is midway between an individual need and societal demand is called a?

Back 5

Developmental task

Front 6

Thought patterns or behaviors that the ego employs in the face of threat to biological or psychological integrity

Back 6

defense mechanisms

Front 7

The ability to adjust to and interact with one's environment

Back 7

Adaptation

Front 8

The integration of new experiences with one's own system of knowledge

Back 8

Assimilation

Front 9

The change in one's system of knowledge that results from processing new information

Back 9

Accommodation

Front 10

This pain arises in the skin or the subcutaneous tissue

Back 10

Cutaneous or superficial pain

Front 11

Pain caused by the stimulation of deep internal pain receptors

Back 11

Visceral Pain

Front 12

Originating in the ligaments, tendosn, nerves, blood vessels, and bones.

Back 12

Deep somatic pain

Front 13

Pain that starts at the source but extends to other locations.

Back 13

Radiating pain

Front 14

Pain that occurs in an area that is distant from the original site

Back 14

Referred pain

Front 15

Pain that is perceived to originate from an area that has been surgically removed

Back 15

Phantom pain

Front 16

Pain that is believed to arise from the mind

Back 16

Psychogenic pain

Front 17

What are the two types of physical pain?

Back 17

Nociceptive pain and Neuropathic pain

Front 18

Pain that has a short duration and is generally rapid in onset

Back 18

Acute pain

Front 19

Pain that has lasted 6 month or longer and often interferes with daily activities.

Back 19

Chronic pain

Front 20

Pain that is both chronic and highly resistant to relief

Back 20

Intractable pain

Front 21

When nociceptors become activated by the perception of potentially damaging mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli

Back 21

Transduction

Front 22

Peripheral nerves carry the pain message to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in a process known as

Back 22

Transmission

Front 23

This involves the recognition and definition of pain in the frontal cortex

Back 23

Perception

Front 24

The point at which the brain recognizes and defines a stimulus as pain is call the?

Back 24

Pain Threshold

Front 25

The duration or intensity of pain that a person is willing to endure is?

Back 25

Pain tolerance

Front 26

Extreme sensitivity to pain is called

Back 26

hyperalgesia

Front 27

Pain signals can be either facilitated or inhibited and the perception of pain changed through a process called?

Back 27

Modulation

Front 28

Neurons in the brain stem activate descending nerve fibers that conduct impulses back to the spinal cord

Back 28

endogenous analgesia system

Front 29

Somatic signals from nonpainful sources can inhibit signals of pain

Back 29

Gate-control theory of pain modulation

Front 30

Most common emotions associated with pain?

Back 30

fear, guilt, anger, helplessness and loneliness

Front 31

Beliefs about the value of expressing pain or minimizing it are often tied to ?

Back 31

Culture

Front 32

Increased systolic blood pressure, increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate, dilated blood vessels to the brain, increased alertness, dilated pupils and rapid speech are what kind of pain responses?

Back 32

Sympathetic Responses (Acute pain)

Front 33

Decreased systolic blood pressure, Decreased pulse rate, changeable breathing patterns, withdrawal constricted pupils, and Slow monotonous speech are what kind of pain responses?

Back 33

Parasympathetic Responses (deep or prolonged pain)

Front 34

The recommeded clinical approach to pain assessment is ABCDEE what does this stand for?

Back 34

Ask, Believe, Choose pain control, Deliver intervention, Empower, and Enable

Front 35

Repositioning, using pillows for support, Back rub or massage, Providing darkness and quite in the room for sleep, Straightening sheets, Mouth care, Soft music, and Using distraction are all?

Back 35

Pain management tasks that may be delegated to UAP

Front 36

A battery powered device about the size of a pager that is worn externally

Back 36

TENS transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator

Front 37

Combines a TENS unit with percutaneously placed needle probes to stimulate peripheral sensoury nerves

Back 37

PENS Percutaneous electrical stimulation

Front 38

Application of extremely fine needles to specific sites in the body

Back 38

Acupuncture

Front 39

Instead of needles, fingertips provide firm, gentle pressure over various pressure points

Back 39

Acupressure

Front 40

Decreases pain by providing cutaneous stimulation and relaxing the muscles

Back 40

Massage

Front 41

Involves stimulationg the skin in an area opposite to the painful site

Back 41

Contralateral stimulation

Front 42

Method of drawing the patients attenditon away from the pain and focusing on something other than the pain

Back 42

Distraction

Front 43

The person sits comfotably and tenses a group of muscles for 15 seconds then relaxes the muscle while breathing out

Back 43

sequential muscle relaxation (SMR)

Front 44

Using auditory and imaginary processes to affect emothins and help calm and relax

Back 44

Guided imagery

Front 45

Involves the induction of a deeply relaxed state

Back 45

Hyposis

Front 46

derived from the ancient practice of laying on of hands

Back 46

Therapeutic touch

Front 47

Especially helpful when used before a painful procedure because it lessens anxiety and serves as a form of distraction

Back 47

humor

Front 48

These are natural and synthetic compunds that relieve intense pain by binding to opiate recoptors and activating endogenous pain suppression in the cental nervous system

Back 48

Opioid Analgesics

Front 49

This leads to withdraw symptoms when the drug is removed abruptly

Back 49

Physical dependence

Front 50

Commonly called addiction, this occurs in less than 1% of patients even after long-term prescribed use of opioids for pain

Back 50

Psychological dependence

Front 51

These stimulate Mu receptors and are used for acute, chronic, and cancer pain

Back 51

Mu agonists

Front 52

Codeine, Morphine, hydromorphine, fentanyl, methadone and oxycodone are all examples of ?

Back 52

Mu agonists

Front 53

Medications that stimulate some opioid receptors but block others are?

Back 53

Agonist-antagonists

Front 54

Constipation, Nausea and vomiting, pruritus, respiratory depression and drowsiness are all expamples of?

Back 54

Opioid side effects

Front 55

The approximately equal analgesia that a variety of opioids will provide

Back 55

Equianalgesia

Front 56

A type of regional anesthesia

Back 56

Nerve blocks

Front 57

Injection of anesthetic into body tissues

Back 57

local anesthesia

Front 58

applying an agent that contains cocaine, lidocaine, or benzocaine direcly to the skin

Back 58

Topical anesthesia

Front 59

Cordotomy, Rhizotomy, Neurectomy, and Sympathectomy are all examples of?

Back 59

Surgical interruption of Pain conduction pathways

Front 60

This interrupts pain and temperature sensation blow the tract that is severed

Back 60

Cordotomy

Front 61

This interrupts the anterior or posterior nerve route that is located between the ganglion and the cord

Back 61

Rhizotomy

Front 62

Used to eliminate intractable localized pain

Back 62

Neurectomy

Front 63

Severs the paths to the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Back 63

Sympathectomy

Front 64

When does pain exsist?

Back 64

When the patient says it does

Front 65

Large diameter myelinated fibers that transmit impulses at 6 to 30 meters per second, these fibers transmit fast pain impulses from acute, focused mechanical and thermal stimuli

Back 65

A-Delta fibers

Front 66

Smaller unmyelinated fibers that transmit slow pain impulses

Back 66

C fibers

Front 67

Numerical, NIPS, FACES and FLACC are all examples of?

Back 67

Pain Scales