Scalp, Meninges, Dural Sinus, And Cranial Cavity

Front 1

5 layers of the scalp?

Back 1

skin, connective tissue, epicranial aponeurosis, loose connective tissue, pericranium

Front 2

the most superficial layer of the scalp?

Back 2

skin

Front 3

thick, dense layer of the scalp containing blood vessels and cutaneous nn.?

Back 3

connective tissue

Front 4

connects the two bellies of the occipitofrontalis m.?

Back 4

epicranial aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica)

Front 5

makes up the scalp proper?

Back 5

skin, connective tissue, epicranial aponeurosis

Front 6

allows free movement of scalp proper?

Back 6

loose connective tissue

Front 7

danger space of scalp?

Back 7

loose connective tissue

Front 8

thin connective tissue layer closely attached to calvaria?

Back 8

pericranium (periosteum)

Front 9

n. that supplies cutaneous innervation anterior to the ear?

Back 9

branches of Trigeminal CN V

Front 10

supraorbital n. V1 supplies cutaneous innervation where?

Back 10

in front of ear

Front 11

Supratrochlear n. V1 supplies cutaneous innervation where?

Back 11

in front of the ear

Front 12

zygomaticotemporal n. V2 supplies cutaneous innervation where?

Back 12

in front of the ear

Front 13

auriculotemporal n. V3 suppplies cutaneous innervation where?

Back 13

in front of the ear

Front 14

n. supplying cutaneous innervation to area inferior to ear?

Back 14

great auricular n. (ventral rami of C2 and C3)

Front 15

nn. supplying cutaneous innervation to area behind ear?

Back 15

greater occipital n. (dorsal ramus of C2), lesser occipital n. (ventral ramus of C2)

Front 16

greater occipital n. supplies cutaneous innervation where?

Back 16

behind ear

Front 17

lesser occipital n. supplies cutaneous innervation where?

Back 17

behind ear

Front 18

n. supplying cutaneous innervation to scalp on lower back of head?

Back 18

3rd occipital n. (dorsal ramus of C3)

Front 19

Which cervical n. has no cutaneous fibers, only motor?

Back 19

C1

Front 20

Which a. supplies blood to anterior portion of scalp?

Back 20

branches of ophthalmic a. (Internal carotid a.)

Front 21

What are the branches of the ophthalmic a.?

Back 21

supraorbital and supratrochlear aa.

Front 22

supraorbital a. a branch of what?

Back 22

ophthalmic a.

Front 23

supratrochlear a. a branch of what?

Back 23

ophthalmic a.

Front 24

Which a. supplies blood to posterior portion of scalp?

Back 24

branches of the external carotid a.: superficial temporal a., posterior auricular a., occipital a.

Front 25

superficial temporal a. supplies blood where?

Back 25

posterior portion of scalp

Front 26

posterior auricular a. supplies blood where?

Back 26

posterior portion of scalp

Front 27

occipital a. supplies blood where?

Back 27

posterior portion of scalp

Front 28

supraorbital a. supplies blood where?

Back 28

anterior portion of scalp

Front 29

supratrochlear a. supplies blood where?

Back 29

anterior portion of scalp

Front 30

Which vv. from the scalp innervate the skull to drain into the dural sinuses?

Back 30

emissary vv.

Front 31

loose connective tissue layer allows accumulation of pus and blood causing what?

Back 31

scalp infection

Front 32

scalp infection can spread into intracranial cavity via?

Back 32

emissary vv.

Front 33

most common type head injury requiring surgical care

Back 33

scalp laceration

Front 34

What causes a scalp laceration to bleed profusely?

Back 34

abundant arterial anastomoses in the scalp region

Front 35

encloses a fluid-filled cavity and protects the brain

Back 35

meninges

Front 36

meningeal layers and spaces (exterior to interior)

Back 36

epidural space, dura mater, subdural space, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, pia mater

Front 37

bony structure of the head

Back 37

calvaria

Front 38

two layers of dura mater

Back 38

periosteal (endosteal) and meningeal

Front 39

lines internal surface of calvaria

Back 39

periosteal (endosteal) layer of dura mater

Front 40

does not continue as dura mater of spinal cord but instead folds over to form pericranium of scalp

Back 40

periosteal (endosteal) layer of dura mater

Front 41

external layer of calvaria

Back 41

pericranium of scalp

Front 42

separates from other layer of dura mater to form dural sinuses and septum

Back 42

meningeal layer of dura mater

Front 43

Dural sinuses and septa between compartments of the brain are formed from the separation of what two layers?

Back 43

periosteal (endosteal) and meningeal layers of dura mater

Front 44

supplies blood to dura mater

Back 44

middle meningeal a. (maxillary a.-external carotid a.)

Front 45

middle meningeal a. enters cranial cavity via?

Back 45

foramen spinosum

Front 46

diverticula of arachnoid membrane that project into the dural sinuses to return CSF to venous drainage

Back 46

arachnoid granulations

Front 47

calvarial depressions from arachnoid granulations

Back 47

faveola granulae

Front 48

closely adheres to brain

Back 48

pia mater

Front 49

highly vascularized by a network of fine blood vessels

Back 49

pia mater

Front 50

invades into sulci of brain

Back 50

pia mater

Front 51

vascular trauma where blood is trapped between the dura and inner table of the calvaria

Back 51

epidural (extradural) hematoma

Front 52

hematoma caused by tearing of arterial vessels, specifically middle meningeal a.

Back 52

epidural (extradural) hematoma

Front 53

hematoma causing loss of consciousness followed by improvement (lucid interval), then rapid deterioration

Back 53

epidural (extradural) hematoma

Front 54

vascular trauma where blood is trapped between the dura and the arachnoid and is very diffuse

Back 54

subdural hematoma

Front 55

hematoma generally caused by tearing of venous structure

Back 55

subdural hematoma

Front 56

rupture of intracranial vessels where blood flows through the grooves of the brain

Back 56

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 57

"worst headache of my life", stiff neck, loss of consciousness

Back 57

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 58

dural sheath that lies between the 2 cerebral hemispheres

Back 58

falx cerebri (cerebral falx)

Front 59

dural sheath separating the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum

Back 59

tentorium cerebelli (cerebellar tentorium)

Front 60

dural sheath separating the cerebellar hemispheres from the cerebellum

Back 60

falx cerebelli (cerebellar falx)

Front 61

dural sheath that is the roof of the hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa

Back 61

diaphragma sellae (sellar diaphragm)

Front 62

infundibulum of pituitary gland runs through this sheath

Back 62

diaphragma sellae

Front 63

falci made of which layer?

Back 63

meningeal layer of dura mater

Front 64

sinus making up convex (superior) margin of falx cerebri

Back 64

superior sagittal sinus

Front 65

sinus making up free (inferior) margin of falx cerebri

Back 65

inferior sagittal sinus

Front 66

sinus making up attached margin (posteriorly) of falx cerebelli

Back 66

occipital sinus

Front 67

sinus at junction of falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

Back 67

straight sinus

Front 68

sinus on attached margin (laterally) of tentorium cerebelli

Back 68

transverse sinus

Front 69

S-shaped continuation of transverse sinus that empties into the internal jugular v.

Back 69

sigmoid sinus

Front 70

junction of superior sagittal, transverse (left and right), straight and occipital sinuses

Back 70

confluence of sinuses

Front 71

located on the lateral edge of sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

Back 71

cavernous sinus

Front 72

sinus communicating w/ ophthalmic vv.

Back 72

cavernous sinus

Front 73

contained in cavernous sinus?

Back 73

Oculomotor CN III, Trochlear CN IV, Ophthalmic V1, Maxillary V2, Abducens VI, internal carotid a., sympathetic plexus

Front 74

located on either side of pituitary infundibulum?

Back 74

cavernous sinus

Front 75

Oculomotor CN III runs through which sinus

Back 75

cavernous sinus

Front 76

Trochlear CN IV runs through which sinus

Back 76

cavernous sinus

Front 77

Ophthalmic V1 runs through which sinus

Back 77

cavernous sinus

Front 78

Maxillary V2 runs through which sinus

Back 78

cavernous sinus

Front 79

Abducens CN VI runs through which sinus

Back 79

cavernous sinus

Front 80

internal carotid a. runs through which sinus

Back 80

cavernous sinus

Front 81

sympathetic plexus runs through which sinus

Back 81

cavernous sinus

Front 82

sinus joining great cerebral v. of Galen

Back 82

inferior sagittal sinus

Front 83

empties into straight sinus

Back 83

great cerebral v. of Galen

Front 84

anterior and posterior bands connecting the cavernous sinuses

Back 84

intercavernous sinuses

Front 85

connects posterosuperior portion of cavernous sinus to transverse sinus

Back 85

superior petrosal sinus

Front 86

connects posteroinferior portion of cavernous sinus to internal jugular v.

Back 86

inferior petrosal sinus

Front 87

clot in cavernous sinus compressing structures contained in sinus

Back 87

cavernous sinus thrombosis

Front 88

what commonly invades cavernous sinus causing problems

Back 88

pituitary tumor

Front 89

connection between the facial vv. and cavernous sinuses, due to superior and inferior ophthalmic vv., that provides a route for the intracranial spread of facial infections

Back 89

"danger area" of the face

Front 90

cribriform plate in which fossa?

Back 90

anterior fossa

Front 91

Olfactory CN I exits cranial cavity through?

Back 91

cribriform plate

Front 92

optic canal in which fossa?

Back 92

middle fossa

Front 93

Optic CN II exits cranial cavity through?

Back 93

optic canal

Front 94

superior orbital fissure in which fossa?

Back 94

middle fossa

Front 95

What exits cranial cavity through superior orbital fissure?

Back 95

Oculomotor CN III, Trochlear CN IV, Ophthalmic V1, Abducens CN VI

Front 96

Oculomotor CN III exits cranial cavity through?

Back 96

superior orbital fissure

Front 97

Trochlear CN IV exits cranial cavity through?

Back 97

superior orbital fissure

Front 98

Ophthalmic V1 exits cranial cavity through?

Back 98

superior orbital fissure

Front 99

Abducens CN VI exits cranial cavity through?

Back 99

superior orbital fissure

Front 100

foramen rotundum in what fossa?

Back 100

middle fossa

Front 101

What exits cranial cavity through foramen rotundum?

Back 101

Maxillary V2

Front 102

foramen ovale in what fossa?

Back 102

middle fossa

Front 103

What exits cranial cavity through foramen ovale?

Back 103

Mandibular V3

Front 104

internal acoustic meatus in what fossa?

Back 104

posterior

Front 105

What exits cranial cavity through internal acoustic meatus?

Back 105

Facial CN VII, Vestibulocochlear CN VIII

Front 106

Facial CN VII exits cranial cavity through?

Back 106

internal acoustic meatus

Front 107

Vestibulocochlear CN VIII exits cranial cavity through?

Back 107

internal acoustic meatus

Front 108

jugular foramen in what fossa?

Back 108

posterior fossa

Front 109

What exits cranial cavity through jugular foramen?

Back 109

Glossopharyngeal CN IX, Vagus CN X, Spinal Accessory CN X!

Front 110

Glossopharyngeal CN IX exits cranial cavity via?

Back 110

jugular foramen

Front 111

Vagus CN X exits cranial cavity via?

Back 111

jugular foramen

Front 112

Spinal Accessory XI exits cranial cavity via?

Back 112

jugular foramen

Front 113

hypoglossal canal in what fossa?

Back 113

posterior fossa

Front 114

Hypoglossal CN XII exits cranial cavity via?

Back 114

hypoglossal canal

Front 115

enters cranial cavity via foramen magnum?

Back 115

Spinal Accessory CN XI

Front 116

anterior blood supply to the brain?

Back 116

internal carotid a.

Front 117

branches of internal carotid a. in brain?

Back 117

anterior cerebral and middle cerebral aa.

Front 118

anterior cerebral a. a branch of?

Back 118

internal carotid a.

Front 119

middle cerebral a. a branch of?

Back 119

internal carotid a.

Front 120

posterior blood supply to the brain?

Back 120

vertebral and basilar aa.

Front 121

which aa. form basilar a.?

Back 121

vertebral aa.

Front 122

posterior inferior cerebellar a. a branch of?

Back 122

vertebral a.

Front 123

branches of basilar a.?

Back 123

anterior inferior cerebellar a., superior cerebellar a., posterior cerebral a.

Front 124

anterior inferior cerebellar a. a branch of?

Back 124

basilar a.

Front 125

superior cerebellar a. a branch of?

Back 125

basilar a.

Front 126

posterior cerebral a. a branch of?

Back 126

basilar a.

Front 127

anastomoses of anterior (internal carotid) and posterior (subclavian) systems and bilateral (left and right) anastomoses

Back 127

circle of Willis

Front 128

n. located between posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar aa.

Back 128

Oculomotor CN III

Front 129

no sutures necessary when scalp wound not deep in this structure

Back 129

epicranial aponeurosis

Front 130

Deep scalp wounds gape widely b/c of pull of what mm.?

Back 130

frontal and occipital bellies of occipitofrontalis m.

Front 131

scalp infection cannot pass to neck b/c of what m. attaching to occipital bone and mastoid processes of temporal bone?

Back 131

occipitofrontalis m.

Front 132

Scalp infection cannot spread laterally past what structures b/c of continuous epicranial aponeurosis w/ temporal fascia in the area?

Back 132

zygomatic arches

Front 133

extravasation of blood into subcutaneous tissue and skin

Back 133

ecchymosis

Front 134

black eyes may develop from injury to this?

Back 134

scalp or forehead

Front 135

most common type of head trauma requiring surgical care

Back 135

scalp laceration

Front 136

spasms of which m. increase gaping in a scalp laceration?

Back 136

occipitofrontalis m.