Scalp, Meninges, Cranial Cavities

Front 1

What is the calvaria?

Back 1

skullcap

Front 2

What type of joint is the sutures in the skull?

Back 2

fibrous joints

Front 3

foramen that transmit emmissary vein?

Back 3

parietal foramen

Front 4

Landmark formed by the intersection of the sagittal and coronal sutures

Back 4

Bregma

Front 5

the most superior point of calvaria

Back 5

vertex

Front 6

What point on the skullcap measures the height of a person?

Back 6

vertex

Front 7

craniometric point at the junction of the sagittal and lamboid sutures

Back 7

lambda

Front 8

What three things are found on the inferior view of the calvaria?

Back 8

Grooves for branches of meningeal vessles, granular foveolae, and groove for superior sagital sinus

Front 9

What are the the granular foveolae for?

Back 9

arachnoid granulations

Front 10

What layers of the scalp are fused?

Back 10

first three; skin, Connective, tissue, and aponeurosis epicranialis

Front 11

What are the layers of the scalp?

Back 11

Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis epicranialis
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium

Front 12

What is found in the skin of the scalp?

Back 12

sebaceous glands, abundant arterial supply and good venous drainage

Front 13

The second layer of the scalp is made up of? what kind of blood and nerve supply does it have?

Back 13

dense connective tissue
Rich blood and nerve supply
Can't contract, serious bleeding if cut

Front 14

Broad, strong tendinous sheet unites the frontalis and occipitalis muscles

Back 14

aponeurosis epicranialis

Front 15

Loose connective tissue forms the ________ space and contains the ________.

Back 15

Subaponeurotic space
Emissary veins

Front 16

Why is the subaponeurotic space dangerous?

Back 16

, because infection can be easily
spread in it or from the scalp to the intercranial
by way of emissary veins

Front 17

external periosteum of the neurocranium

Back 17

pericranium

Front 18

result from laceration of arteries in the dense subcutaneous tissue that are unable to contract or retract and thus remind open, leading to profuse bleeding

Back 18

Scalp Hemorhage

Front 19

Symptoms of a scalp infection?
Can develop after an injury or wound to skin, bite, sting, tattoo or piercing.

Back 19

Symptoms of infection may include:
* Increased pain, swelling, redness, or warmth around the affected area.
* Red streaks extending from the affected area.
* Drainage of pus from the area.
* Swollen lymph nodes in the neck.-no lymph nodes in neck
* Fever

Front 20

Pachymeninx

Back 20

dura mater

Front 21

Dura mater has what two layers?

Back 21

External periosteal layer
Internal meningeal layer

Front 22

Which layer of dura adheres to the internal surface of the cranium?

Back 22

external periosteal layer

Front 23

What layer of the dura is in close contact with the arachnoid mater and is continuous at the foramen magnum with spinal dura mater

Back 23

Internal meningeal layer

Front 24

Where are the two places that the two layers of dura mater can separate?

Back 24

Dural sinuses and infoldings

Front 25

– is the potential space between the cranium and
external periosteal layer of dura mater. This space does not continue with the spinal
epidural space (natural space

Back 25

Extradural or epidural space

Front 26

Dural infoldings are formed by ?

Back 26

internal meningeal layer of dura mater

Front 27

the largest dural infolding; separates right and left cerebral hemisphere.
Lies in the longitudinal cerebral fissure

Back 27

falx cerebri

Front 28

separates cerebrum from cerebellum.
It divides the cranial cavity into supratentorial and infratentorial compartments

Back 28

Tentorium cerebelli

Front 29

a gap through with the brainstem (midbrain, pons and medulla)
extends from the posterior to the middle fossa

Back 29

Tentoiral notch

Front 30

a small projection between the cerebellar hemispheres

Back 30

Falx cerebelli

Front 31

the smallest dural infolding, forms the roof of the sella
turcica and covers the pituitary gland

Back 31

Selar diaphragm

Front 32

The dural venous sinuses receive blood from?
receive CSF from?
Empty into?

Back 32

blood-internal and external veins
CSF-subarachnoid space
Empty-internal jugular vein

Front 33

Begins at the crista gali and ends at the confluence of sinuses

Back 33

Superior sagittal sinus

Front 34

place where superior sagittal, straight, and occipital sinuses meet

Back 34

Confluence of sinuses

Front 35

lies in the inferior border of flax cerebri and ends in straight sinus

Back 35

inferior sagittal sinus

Front 36

union of the inferior sagittal sinus and the great cerebral vein

Back 36

straight sinus

Front 37

runs laterally from the confluence of sinus, forming a groove in the occipital bone, and become a sigmoid sinus

Back 37

transverse sinus

Front 38

S-shaped, continuation of the transverse sinus, enters the IJV after traversing jugular foramen

Back 38

sigmoid sinus

Front 39

Important structures within the cavernous sinus?

Back 39

internal carotid artery, carotid plexuses of sympathetic nerves and CN VI

Front 40

What passes in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus?

Back 40

CN III, IV, V1, and V2

Front 41

What do the cavernous sinuses communicate with?

Back 41

opthalmic veins and with eachother via the intercavernous sinuses: Triangle of death

Front 42

one of several connecting veins in the scalp and head that drain blood from sinuses in the dura mater to veins outside the skull

Back 42

emissary veins

Front 43

Do emissary veins have valves?

Back 43

NO; so blood can flow into the skull through them as well, making them a possible route for transmission of extracranial infection to get into the skull

Front 44

Superior cerebral veins drain what blood? drain into what sinus?

Back 44

blood from superolateral sufrace of brain into superior sagittal sinus

Front 45

Inferior and superficial middle cerebral veins drain what blood? drain into what?

Back 45

blood rom the inferior and deep aspect of the hemisphere into the straight, transverse and superior petrosal sinuses

Front 46

Great cerebral vein is also calle what?

Back 46

vein of Galen

Front 47

Great cerebral brain merges with what to form what?

Back 47

merges with ifnerior sagital sinus to form straight sinus

Front 48

How many great cerebral veins are there?

Back 48

one

Front 49

The middle meningeal artery is a branch of?

Back 49

maxillary artery

Front 50

Where does the middle meningeal artery enter the middle cranial fossa through?

Back 50

foramen spinosum

Front 51

What does the middle meningeal artery divide into?

Back 51

anterior and posterior branches

Front 52

The middle meningeal veins accompany the arteries and leave the cranial cavity through which two openings?

Back 52

foramen spinosum or foramen ovale

Front 53

What arteries, veins, and nerves supply the dura mater?

Back 53

middle meningeal arteries, veins, meningeal branches from the trigeminal nerve CNV (also the anterior and posterior meningeal arteries)

Front 54

Filmy, transparent, spidery layer seperated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space; filled with CSF

Back 54

Arachnoid mater

Front 55

Projections of arachnoid mater into the venous sinuses where CSF diffuses into the venous blood

Back 55

arachnoid villi

Front 56

Delicate investment that is closely applied to the brain

Back 56

pia mater

Front 57

POTENTIAL space between the cranium and external periosteal layer of dura mater

Back 57

epidural space

Front 58

Potential space between the dura and arachnoid mater

Back 58

subdural space

Front 59

space between the arachnoid and pia; REAL space that contains CSF, arteries, and veins

Back 59

Subarachnoid space

Front 60

Typically venous in origin, commonly results from tearing the sup. cerebral vein as it enters the sup. sagittal sinus. Blood accumulates in space between the dura and arachnoid. More common in elderly; brain shrinkage;tends to develop slowly due to low venous pressure

Back 60

Subdural hematoma

Front 61

Arteries in origin, can results meningeal irritation,
severe headache, stiff neck, loss of consciousness.
Blood accumulates between arachnoid and pia

Back 61

Subarachnoid hematoma

Front 62

Two main sources of blood to the brain?

Back 62

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

Front 63

Internal crotad artery gives rise to?

Back 63

anterior and middle cerebral arteries

Front 64

Verterbral artery unites to form the ? artery. It further divides into two ? arteries

Back 64

Basilar
posterior cerebral arteries

Front 65

Blood supply to most of medial and superior surface of the frontal lobe

Back 65

anterior cerebral arteries

Front 66

blood supply to the lateral surface of brain and temporal lobes

Back 66

middle cerebral arteries

Front 67

blood supply to the inferior surface of brain and occiptal lobe

Back 67

posterior cerebral artery

Front 68

What forms the circle of Willis?

Back 68

anterior communicating artery, anterior cerebral arteries, internal carotid arteries, posterior communicating arteries, posterior cerebral arteries

Front 69

What is the importance of the circle of willis?

Back 69

A blockage in one of the cerebral arteries wouldn't mean complete blockage to the brain since the blood can take an alternate route

Front 70

Where is CSF formed?

Back 70

lateral ventricles by the vascular choroid plexus

Front 71

What is the flow of the CSF?

Back 71

lateral ventrical in the cerebral hemisphere->interventricular foraments into the third ventricle of the diencephalon-> cerebral aqueduct into the fourth ventricle of the pons and medulla->leaves via lateral aperatures of the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid spaces where it diffuses over the brain and spinal cord