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11 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the parts of the skull?
Cranium (encases brain) = calvarium and skull base, facial bones and mandible.
Describe the flat bones of the skull vault.
Inner and outer table of cortical bone.
Inner cancellous bone = diploe.
External periosteum = pericranium.
Internal periosteum = endosteum (outer layer of dura).
What comprises the calvarial vault.
Frontal bone, paired parietal bones, paired squamous temporal bones, squamous occipital bones.
Describe the sutures of the calvarium.
Coronal: frontal-parietal.
Sagittal: parietal.
Lambdoid: parietal-occipital.
Sphenofrontal: GWS-frontal.
Sphenosquamosal: GWS-squamous.
Squamosal: Temporal-parietal.
Fibrous sutures, periosteum is continuous with fibrous tissue.
Describe embryological development.
Calvarial vault from membranous ossification, skull base from endochondral ossification.
Curved mesenchymal plates appear day 30. Extend towards each other.
Coronal suture present from onset ossification, sagittal and lambdoid develop as bones meet.
Unossified centres edges parietal bones form fontanelles.
What are the bregma and lambda?
Bregma: frontal:sagittal (anterior fontanelle neonates).
Lamda: Parietal:occipital (posterior fontanelle neonates).
Is skull thickness uniform?
No.
Tends to be thinner under areas of underlying muscle attachments eg. temporal bone.
Hyperostosis, most commonly frontal is common older females.
Describe skull vault markings.
Vascular: arteries, venous sinuses.
Arachnoid granulations. adjacent to SSS parietal lobes.
What is the pterion
H-shaped suture. Temporal region. Surface marking of MMA.
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Sphenoid bones.
Asterion = junction squamosal and lambdoid suture.
What are the layers of the scalp?
Pneumonic SCALP.
Skin
Connective tissue - thick, vascular
Aponeurosis: Galea aponeurotica.
Loose areaolar tissue, allows movement.
Pericranium. Sharpey's fibres attach to bone, continuous with suture fibrous tissue. Poorly osteogenic.
Summarise arterial blood supply to scalp.
Calvaria: Middle meningeal artery, maxillary artery.
Soft tissues: Supraorbital, supratrochlear (Br. ICA), Occipital, Posterior Auricular, Superficial Temporal (Br. ECA).