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43 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The cervical plexus provides most of the cutaneous nerves of the skin over which areas?
The front and sides of the NECK.
What is the supply of the skin over the face?
Trigeminal (V)
What is the supply of the skin of the back of the scalp and back of the neck?
Dorsal rami of the cervical spinal nerves.
Which nerves for the cervical plexus?
The ventral rami of spinal nerves C1-4.
To which plexus do the remaining cervical ventral rami contribute?
Brachial plexus
Where does the cervial plexus emerge?
Halfway down the posterior border of sternocleidomastoid.
What are the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus?
1. Lesser occipital
2. Great Auricular
3. Transverse nerve of the neck
4. Supraclavicular
What is the root value of Lesser occipital and what does it supply?
C2. Supplies skin over side of the occipital region of the skull, and over medial surface of external ear.
What is the root value of supraclavicular nerve and what does it supply?
C3 and 4. Supplies skin over the upper part of the anterior chest wall up to the level of the second rib, and over the shoulder tip and upper half of the deltoid muscle.
What is the root value of transverse nerve to the neck and what does it supply?
C2 and 3. Supplies skin over the fron and sides of the neck.
What is the root value of Great auricular nerve and what does it supply?
C2 and 3. Supplies skin over the parotid gland, over the angle of the mandible and both surfaces of the external ear.
What is the origin of the greater occipital nerve?
Dorsal ramus of spinal nerve C2. It is not a branch of the cervical plexus coz the plexus is formed from the VENTRAL rami.
What does the Greater occipital nerve supply?
The skin over the back of the scalp.
What is the sphincter muscle of the eye?
Orbicularis oculi
What are the two parts of Orbicularis oculi?
Palpebral part and orbital part.
How and where does the medial part of orbicularis oculi attach?
Via the medial palpebral ligament. To BONE.
How and where does the lateral part of orbicularis oculi attach?
Via the weaker lateral palpebral ligament. to SKIN.
Explain the difference in function of the palpebral and orbital parts of orbicularis oculi.
Palpebral part closes the eye (e.g. sleeping, blinking) to prevent the cornea from drying. The orbital part tightly closes the eyelids (e.g. winking or squinting) to protect eyeballs against glare and dust.
If a patient presents with a drooping LOWER eyelid, which cranial nerve do you suspect to be damaged?
Facial Nerve (VII). If upper eyelid the probably Oculomotor (III) -supplies levator palpebrae superioris.
Which particular branches of the nerve that causes a drooping lower eyelid may be implicated?
Temporal (mainly upper eyelid) and zygomatic branches.(Damage to facial nerve causes drooping of lower eyelid and angle of mouth sags.)
What are the five branches of the facial nerve(V11)
1. Temporal Branch
2. Zygomatic Branch
3. Buccal branch.
4. Marginal mandibular branch.
5. Cervical branch.
What are the principal arteries supplying the face?
Facial artery and branches of the superficial temporal artery.
Besides the muscles of facial expression, which other muscles from the mesoderm of the second pharyngeal arch are supplied by Facial nerve?
buccinator, stylohyoid, stapedius,posterior belly of digastric.
What is the sphincter muscle of the mouth?
Orbicularis oris.
The upper fibres of orbicularis oris are continous with which muscle?
Depressor anguli oris
The fibres of orbicularis oris within the lower lip are continous with which muscle?
Levator anguli oris
Which other muscle besides, depressor and levator anguli oris, has continuity with fibres of orbicularis oris?
Buccinator (muscle of the cheek)
Where does levator anguli oris attach?
Zygomatic arch
Describe the continuity of fibres of buccinator with those of orbicularis oris
UPPER fibres of buccinator pass into and blend with the fibres of O.oris in the LOWER lip, while the LOWER fibres of buccinator pass into and blend with the fibres of O.oris in the UPPER lip.
Why is buccinator an odd muscle to classify?
It receives its nerve supply from the facia Nerve(VII) and so really is a member of the muscles of facial expression. However, it really functions as a muscle of mastication.
What does buccinator do?
It compresses the cheeck and lips against the outside of the teeth. This prevents food, saliva and other liquids entering the vestibule of the mouth i.e. the area between the outside of the teeth and the inside of the cheek. Explains why when VII is damaged and buccinator is paralysed food can enter the vestibule.
How do attachments of the two bellies of occipitofrontalis differ?
Frontalis - forehead skin

Occipitalis - superior nuchal line
What is the nerve supply of anterior belly of occipitofrontalis?
Temporal branch of VII
What is the nerve supply of the posterir belly of occipitofrontalis?
Posterior Auricular branch of VII
What are the attachments of masseter?
Lower surface of zygomatic arch and lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible.
What is the function of masseter?
Elevates the mandible (closes mouth)
Which fascia covers temporalis?
Dense temporal fascia (its attachment to the skull raises the superior temporal line.)
To which process on the mandible does tendon of temporalis attach?
Coronoid process. (and also to the anterior border of the ramus)
What does temporalis do?
Elevates the mandible
When parotid duct pierces the buccinator, it runs forward for a short distance between the muscle and the mucus membrane lining the cheek before opening in the mouth.Why is this oblique passage of the duct between the muscle and mucous membrane important?
It acts as a valve to prevent inflation of the duct system during strong blowing efforts (e.g. playing the trumpet)
What teporary structure in a normal infant is found at the bregma?
anterior fontanelle.
When should the fontanelle disappear in a normal infant?
1 year
On a plain radiograph,why would we be able to see areas of blackness within the frontal bone abover the bridge of the nose and extending into the forehead?
Frontal sinuses are radiolucent.