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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Ergonomics(Human factors)?
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It is a body of knowledge about human abilities, human limitations and other human characteristics that relevant to design. |
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What is the implementation of ergonomics?
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It is the application of human factors information to the design of tools, machines, systems, tasks, jobs, and environments.
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Who first documented recognition of ergonomics?
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Italian Bernardino Ramazzini
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Who was credited with creating the term ergonomics?
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Wojciech Jastrzebowski
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What happen in the industrial Revolution of 1750-1830?
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Many machines were updated to make them more efficient and sophisticated.
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What method did Frederick Taylor Pioneer?
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Scientific Management. |
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What did World War II prompt?
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It prompted a major interest in ensuring the best interaction between human and machine to ensure efficiency of increasingly sophisticated technology
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What happen after to ergonomics after WWII?
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The focus expanded to include worker safety ad productivity.
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What is Community Ergonomics?
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Involves the utilization of knowledge of the clients community to expand potential ergonomic interventions in order to -Maximize the impact on occupational performance and -Enhance social participation. |
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What components apply to prevention and cure?
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Community Ergonomic Assessment
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Who can benefit from Ergonomic consultation?
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Individuals, groups, agencies, organizations, businesses, governments, and communities
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Community Ergonomic Assessment
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It is specialized and requires continuing education to develop and ensure continuing expertise.
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What does Community Ergonomic Interventions include?
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-Direct observations of the ergonomic aspects of the clients ADLs, IADLS, work and leisure activities - Direct observation of the contexts in which these occupations are performed - Subjective and objective consideration of the clients future and needs |
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What is critical to carrying out sustained activity safely and without fatigue?
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Positioning in relation to any type of work activity |
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What type of position is required?
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-Biomechanical Position -No position should be adopted for exercise amounts of time. |
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What position is the best position?
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Neutral Position
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What does Research say about sitting?
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Sitting , more than standing, places mores strain on the back. -Prolong sitting is challenging for those with back injuries. |
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How do many injuries occur?
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They occur from lifting to much weight or because of improper lifting techniques -Proper lifting techniques can prevent injuries |
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What are the general recommendations for proper lifting?
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-Maintain good posture -Maximize use of larger muscles of the legs to assist in raising objects from the floor -Lift symmetrically -Assess the quality of the grasp (called coupling) |
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What does Cognitive Workload involve?
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It involves assessing how much mental effort is used to accomplish a task based on the workers perception of work performance and the difficulty of the task. - Assessing cognitive workload is most important when a client reports being either under or overloaded cognitively. |
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What is Cognitive workload impacted by?
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-Mental space -Intellectual and genetic endowment -Learned knowledge -Social status -Personality -Physical development |
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What does the therapist need to do to ensure a maximum level of achievement in occupations in all community settings?
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The therapist needs to observe and measure actual and perceived client workload. The goal is to move the worker from state od being overwhelmed to one of recognition and familiarity. |
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What 3 psychosocial factors does the National Institute of Health report that can influence client's occupational performance?
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1)Factors associated with job and work environment 2) Factors associated with the environment 3) Characteristics of the individual worker |
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What are the overarching goals of community ergonomics?
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- To enhance occupational performance in home, recreation, and work environment. -To fit work or occupation of the individual to the conditions of the environment -Safely -Efficiently -To consistently produce quality outcomes |
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Were should rooms in the home be assessed for?
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Accessibility and safety
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What is essential to ensure client's efficient use of technology and safe completion of occupational tasks?
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Ergonomics
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What is Ergonomics in the community mainly about?
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Access for all people
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What should Occupational Therapy Practitioners advocate for in the community in regards to Recreation Sites?
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-Advocate for improved accessibility -Notify the local regulatory body if they discover community locations lacking accessibility -Consult with agencies to improve or adapt community recreation sites. |
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What is a workplace environment and what does it include?
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A workplace environment can be any number of environments in which work activities take place, including space for paid employment, volunteer work, and even recreational activities that are thought of as works, such as gardening.
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At what 3 levels should occupational therapists examine the work situation? |
1)Micro- worker level; interaction between the person and product 2)Meso- task level; environment worked in by the worker 3)Macro- corporate; impact of the organization on the worker |
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What is Universal design? |
The purposeful design of products and environments to ensure that they can be used by all people regardless of ability level or age. |
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What are the Seven Principles of Universal Design |
1) Equitable Use 2) Flexibility 3) Simple and Intuitive 4) Perceptible Information 5) Tolerance for Error 6) Low Physical Effort 7) Size and Space for Approach |
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Principles of Universal Design |
Principle 1: Equitable Use- The design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities. Principle 2: Flexibility in Use- The design acommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities. Principle 3: Simple and Intuitive- Use of design is easy to understand, regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language, skills, or current concentration Principle 4: Perceptible Information- The design communicates necessary information effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user's sensory abilities Principle 5: Tolerance for Error- The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions Principle 6: Low Physical Effort- The design can be used efficiently and comfortably and with minimum of fatigue. |
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Missed Work Days by Event or Exposure |
Event or Exposure Median Number of Days Away from Work Contact With Objects 5 Fall to Lower Level 13 Fall on Same Level 9 Slips or Trips without Falls 8 Overexertion 10 Repetitive Motion Injuries 21 Exposure to Harmful Substances 3 Transportation Accidents 10 Fires and Explosions 9 Assaults and Violent Acts 7 All Other 10 |
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Missed Work Days by Injury |
Nature of Injury Median Number of Days Away from Work Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 21 Fractures 30 Amputations 20 Tendonitis 14 Multiple Traumatic Injuries 8 Sprains, Strains, Tears 10 Heat Burns 5 Bruises, Contusions 4 Cuts, Lacerations, Punctures 4 Chemical Burns 3 |
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What should prevention of injuries in the community address? |
-Prevention of injuries in the community should address all aspects of participation in all areas of occupation -Decreases the numbers of workers' comp claims -Should include a component of client education (Especially in the workplace) |
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What is the role of the therapist in injury prevention? |
The role of the therapist is to ensure safety and competency in work tasks |
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What does a comprehensive work-related ergonomic evaluation includes? |
A) Work Assessment B) Objective Assessment C) Work Location Assessment |
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Client- Centered practice |
Requires that clients be involved in the process of decision making. |
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When should a worker return to work? |
An injured worker should return to work as soon as possible. |
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What is the Transitional Work Model? |
It is a job-specific intervention approach that: 1) Increases worker's functional capacities 2) Teaches safe work methods to prevent injury 3) Provides and modifies job accommodations as needed |
