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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which hepatic growth factor stimulates hepatocyte replication?
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TGF-alpha
TGF beta: inhibits hepatocyte proliferation |
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_____in one of the more common manifestations of chronic hepatic injury.
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Fibrosis
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Which of the following is a useful indication of the type of insult that produces the lesion?
a) fibrosis b) regeneration c) degeneration d)biliary hyperplasia |
A - fibrosis
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Which of the following is FALSE of biliary hyperplasia?
a) occurs usually after disease that obstruct normal bile drainage b) non-specific response to various insults c) idiopathic d) regarded as lesion in acute hepatic injury |
D) long standing hepatic injury
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A diffuse process characterized by fibrosis & the conversion of the normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal lobules is termed?
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end-stage liver or cirrhosis
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What is the hallmark for cirrhosis?
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total absence of any normal lobular architecture
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Which of the following is a cause of end stage liver?
a) Rt sided heart failure b) chronic cholangitis c) long term primidone d) defect in copper metabolism e) all of the above |
E - all of the above
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Which of the following is NOT a consequence of hepatic failure?
a) jaundice/icterus b) neurologic manifestations c) bleeding tendencies d) polyphagia e) ascities |
D - polyphagia
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What is a differential for nodular hyperplasia? How are they different?
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regenerative nodules
-arise from the proliferation of hepatocytes in response to loss of hepatocytes |
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fat cow syndrome might cause which of the following?
a) fatty change/steatosis b) end stage liver c) firosis d) circulatory disturbance |
A - fatty change/steatosis
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necrosis/degeneration of the liver is termed?
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hepatosis
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What are the 3 patterns of hepatocellular degeneration?
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1) random
2) zonal 3) massive |
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Name the 3 forms of hepatitis
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1) necrotizing
2) Suppurative 3) granulomatous |
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of necrotizing hepatitis?
a) clostridium piliforme b) canine adenovirus c) Fusobacterium necrophorum d) Theiler's Dz e) toxoplasmosis |
C- causes suppurative hepatitis
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Which of the following types of hepatitis is caused by Yersinia & nocardia asteroides?
a) granulomatous hepatitis b) necrotizing hepatitis c) midzonal hepatitis d) suppurative hepatitis |
D
yersinia, nocardia, actinomyces, arcanobacterium, fusobacterium all cause suppurative hepatitis |
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Which of the followin is NOT ac sequelae to suppurative hepatitis?
a) pulmonary abscesses b) healing w/ scarring c) peritonitis d) rupture |
B- sequelae to granulomatous
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FIP & Tuberculosis cause which type of hepatitis?
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Granulomatous
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Bacillary hemoglobinuria in cattle & sheep is due to spores of ________________.
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Clostridium hemolyticum
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Clostridium hemolyticum causes which of the following?
a) Tyzzer's disease b) Infectious necrotic hepatitis c) Bacillary hemoglobinuria d) necrotizing hepatitis e) more than one is correct |
C & D
Tyzer's dz= clostridium piliforme |
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Which of the following is FALSE of Bacillary hemoglobinuria?
a) occurs in ruminants b) caused by damage by flukes c) due to clostridium novyi d) affected animals may have hemoglobinuria |
C- causes infectious necrotic hepatitis
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What organism causes Tyzzer's disease?
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Clostridium piliforme
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What is the 3 stage process of detoxification of the liver?
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1) biotransformation
2) conjugation 3) trasport |
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Classification of hepatoxic injury is based on _____ _____.
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cellular target
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What are the 2 basic categories which hepatotoxic drugs are divided?
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1) predictable
2) idiosyncratic |
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Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are converted to pyrrolic esters by ________ & the characteristic histo lesions are _________.
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hepatic cytochrome p450
megalocytes |
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Which of the following is a typical lession of pyrrolizidine alkalosis?
a) fibrosis b) biliary hyperplasia c) nodular regeneration d) megalocytes |
ALL are TRUE
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Which mycotoxin is responsible for facial eczema & hepatogenous photosensitization?
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sporidesmin
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Which of the following is TRUE of copper?
a) causes centrilobular congestion b) Found in Jack Russel terriers c) common in horses |
A - causes centrilobular congestion
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Insufficient cobalt intake in sheep may result in which nutritional disease of the liver?
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white liver disease
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______ is a syndrome in young, rapidly growing pigs caused by a deficiency of vit E/selenium.
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Hepatosis dietetica
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dish-rag liver is a term used to describe what disease in horses?
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Equine serum sickness (Theiler's Disease)
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Which of the following is a characteristic of Theiler's disease?
a) dish-rag liver b) diffuse centrilobular degeneration c) rapid & fatal d) may be caused by tetanus injection |
ALL are TRUE
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Hepatosis dietetica is caused by a deficiency in _____&______
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vit E & selenium
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Cholelithiasis is most common in which animal?
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ruminants
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gallstones are termed?
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cholelithiasis
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Which of the following is NOT a sequelae to Cholelithiasis?
a) sacular diverticula b) pressure necrosis c) polyuria/polydipsia d) ulceration of mucosa e) obstructive jaundice |
C
-however most are asymptomatic |
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of obstruction of the gallbladder?
a) flukes b) pancreatitis c) tumors of duodenum d) all are true |
D
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TRUE/FALSE
fibrinous cholecysitis occurs in viral infectious such as Rift valley fever |
FALSE
occurs in calves w/ acute salmonellosis Rift valley- acute cholecystitis |
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Which of the following is due to prolonged bacterial infections?
a) acute cholecystitis b) chronic " " c) fibrinous " " |
B - chronic cholecystitis
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What are the 3 types of cholecytitis
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1) acute
2) chronic 3) fibrinous |
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What are 2 sequelae to cholecystitis?
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1) rupture of gallbladder
2) release of bile +/- bacteria |
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Exocrine panceratic insufficiency is characterized by what 4 things?
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- steatorrhea
- diarrhea - wt loss - polyphagia |
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pancreatic hypoplasia occurs sporadically in ______
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calves
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parenchymal cells of hypoplastic exocrine pancrease do NOT usually contain ________.
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lipofuscin
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Which of the following is FALSE of pancreatic atrophy?
a) occurs in dogs b) common in Germ shep & collies c) usually occurs in adults d) lacks zymogen granules |
C- young animals (6-12 monthes)
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pancreatic nodular hyperplasia must be distinguished from _______
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neoplasms
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Which of the following is NOT true of acute pancreatic necrosis?
a) caused by diets high in fat & high in protein b) death in 2-3days c) may have signs of DIC & shock d) caused by Se deficiency in chickens |
A
high in fat, low in protein |
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systemic infectious by viruses, adenoviruses, parvo, distemper result in ____ pancreatitis
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focal pancreatitis
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Which of the following describes the lesions of acute pancreatitis?
a) edema of interstitial tissue b) hemorrhagic areas c) chalky-white foci d) fibrinous adhesions e) ALL |
E - all of above
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Name 2 sequelae of acute pancreatitis.
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1) shock
2) DIC |
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Give 6 causes of hemoperitoneum.
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1) trauma
2) ruptured vessel 3) neoplasm 4) ICH 5) toxic plants 6) toxemia |
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Right heart failure might cause?
a) peritonitis b) hemoperitoneum c) ascities d) centrilobular hepatocellular degeneration e) more than one |
E (C&D are correct)
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What are the 6 types of peritonitis?
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1) fibrinous
2) fibrinohemorrhagic 3) suppurative 4) pyogranulomatous 5) granulomatous 6) chemical |
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Glasser's disease causes what type of peritonitis?
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fibrinous
also FIP, mycoplasma hyorhinis, blackleg |
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Pearl disease is characteristic of which type of peritonitis?
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granulomatous
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Give an example of suppurative peritonitis in cattle & in horses.
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hardware disease
Rhodococcus equi |
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in dogs Nocardia &Actinomyces
produce very characteristic ________or _______peritonitis |
pyogranulomatous or granulomatous
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massive fat necrosis is reported most frequently in _______breeds and occurs in _______cattle
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Channel Island breeds
excessively fat cattle |
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Steatitis occurs in many animal species except _______.
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ruminants
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________which fills the macrophages is responsible for the yellow color or steatitis.
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ceroid-lipofusion
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In FIP you may see _____deposits on peritoneum, _____necrosis & _______inflammation
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fibrin deposits
focal necrosis pyogranulomatous inflammation |
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Name 2 primary tumors of the peritoneum.
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1) mesotheliomas
2) lipomas |
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Which of the following is FALSE of Mesotheliomas?
a) secondary tumor of peritoneum b) contains pedunculated nodules c) greatest freq in cattle & dogs d) associated w/ blood-tinged effusion e) ascites normally present |
A - secondary tumor of peritoneum is false
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Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a) mesotheliomas occur w/ the greatest freq in horses b) In dogs lipomas are pedunculated c) in horses lipomas are pedunculated d) mesotheliomas tend to be not pedunculated |
C
-mesothelioma: pedunculated -lipomas in horse: peduculated -lipomas in dog: NOT pedunculated |
