Sbs 2 - Lecture 4 Neoplasia

Front 1

What is neoplasia?

Back 1

Abnormal cellular growth and differentiation

Front 2

What are the three changes that occur during neoplasia?

Back 2

Loss of control,

cells will suffer transformation,

change of metabolic need

Front 3

Which cells suffer the change in neoplasia? and which are "innocent/supporting"?

Back 3

Parenchymal suffer change, & Supporting

Stroma do no

Front 4

Most benign tumors end in what suffix?

exceptions?

Back 4

-oma

exception: lymphoma is malignant

Front 5

Note:

"Which of the following are benign neoplasm?"

- learn the exception

Back 5

eg. all -oma are benign except lymphoma, and others (learn)

Front 6

Epithelial origin tumors are known as?

Back 6

Carcinoma

Front 7

Mesenchymal origin tumors are known as?

Back 7

Sarcomas

Front 8

Define Dysplasia

Back 8

disorderly proliferation (non neoplastic)

- loss of cellular uniformity & orientation

Front 9

Define Pleomorphism

Back 9

Variation in size & shape

- hyperchromatic nuclei & more abundant

mitosis than usual

Front 10

What does "carcinoma in situ" mean?

Back 10

its when dysplasia affects the whole thickness of tissue i.e. beyond the basement membrane

Front 11

What does anaplasia automatically mean?

Back 11

implies malignant tumor

Front 12

Describe Anaplasia

Back 12

- Cellular pleomorphism & loss of

nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio to (1:1)

- abundant mitotic figures

- loss of polarity & architectural structures

Front 13

What is the normal nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio?

Back 13

1:4 or 1:6

Front 14

What behaviour/ characteristics do the bengin tumour follow?

Back 14

They resemble and retain cellular architecture with "normal" behaviour

- lack anaplasia, well differentiated

- microscopically & glossly innocent

appearance

Front 15

List the Mesenchymal tumors (benign - Malignant)

Back 15

Fibroma - Fibrosarcoma

Lipoma - Liposarcoma

Oseteoma - Osteosarcoma

Chondroma - Chondrosarcoma

Front 16

List the epithelial & related tissue tumours (blood, lymph, synovial fluid, mesothelium, brain)

(benign - malignant)

Back 16

Hemangioma - Angiosarcoma (blood vessels)

Lymphangioma - lymphangiosarcoma (lymph)

n/a - Synovial sarcoma

n/a - Mesothelioma (Malignant)

n/a - Meningioma - Invasive meningioma

Front 17

List the blood & related cells tumors (benign - malignant)

Back 17

n/a - Leukemias

n/a - Malignant lymphomas (exception to -oma rule)

Front 18

List muscle tissue tumours (benign - malignant)

Back 18

Leiomyoma - leiomyosarcoma

Rhabdomyoma - Rhabdomyosarcoma

Front 19

List epithelial tissue tumours (benign - malignant)

Back 19

Squamous cell papilloma - Squamous carcinoma & basal cell carcinoma

Adenoma - adenocarcinoma

Front 20

List respiratory tumours (benign - malignant)

Back 20

n/a - broncogenic carcinoma

n/a - carcinoid tumour

Front 21

List neuroectoderm tumour (benign - malignant)

Back 21

Nevus - Malignant melanoma

Front 22

List Renal, liver and genital tumours (benign - malignant)

Back 22

Renal tubular ademoma - renal cell carcinoma

Liver cell adenoma - hepatocellular carcinoma

Transitional cell papilloma - transitional cell carcinoma

Hydatidiform mole - choriocarcinoma seminoma

n/a - embryonal cell carcinoma

Front 23

List mixed tumors (benign - malignant)

Back 23

Pleomorphic adenoma - malignant mixed tumor of salivary glands origin

fibroadenoma - malignant cystosarcoma phylloides (breasts)

n/a - Wilms tumor (renal)

Mature teratoma - immature teratoma (totipotential cells in gonads or embryonic rests)

Front 24

What is most common tumor in breasts? is it benign or malignant?

Back 24

Fibroadenoma, benign & does NOT progress into carcinoma

Front 25

Describe differentiation/anaplasia of Benign tumor

Back 25

Well differentiated.

Structure may be typical of tissue of origin

Front 26

Describe differentiation/anaplasia of Malignant tumor

Back 26

Some lack of differentiation with anaplasia. Structure is often atypical

Front 27

Describe rate of growth of Benign tumors

Back 27

Progressive & slow.

May come to a standstill or regress.

mitotic figures are rare and normal

Front 28

Describe rate of growth of malignant tumors

Back 28

Erratic and may be slow or rapid.

mitotic figures may be numerous & abnormal

Front 29

Describe the local invasion of benign tumors

Back 29

Usually cohesive and expansile well - demarcaed masses that do NOT invade or infiltrate surrounding normal tissue

Front 30

Describe the local invasion of malignant tummors

Back 30

Locally invasive, infiltrating the surrounding normal tisues

sometimes may be seemingly cohesive & expansile

Front 31

Does benign tumor metastasis?

Back 31

no, absent

Front 32

Does malignant tumor metastasis

Back 32

Always

the larger & more undifferentiated the primary, the more likely they are metastasis

Front 33

The malignant tumours are classified into what three stages?

Back 33

Well

Moderate

Undifferentiated (anaplastic)

Front 34

What is the second most common death in USA/

Back 34

Cancer (1/4 will develop some kind of neoplasm with gender, age & genetic difference or predisposition)

remember: neoplasm is NOT the same as cancer