Sbm Cardiology: Myocardial And Pericardial Diseases

Front 1

Examples of conditions that cause LV pressure overload

Back 1

HTN, aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta

Front 2

Examples of conditions that cause LV volume overload

Back 2

Aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, patent ductus arteriosus, systemic arteriovenous fistula

Front 3

Examples of conditions that cause primary myocardial failure

Back 3

Coronary artery disease (LV systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (LV diastolic dysfunction), dilated cardiomyopathy (biventricular systolic dysfunction)

Front 4

Examples of conditions that cause RV volume overload

Back 4

Atrial septal defect, tricuspid regurgitation

Front 5

Examples of conditions that cause RV pressure overload

Back 5

Pulmonic stenosis, cor pulmonale

Front 6

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Back 6

Systolic dysfunction

Front 7

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Back 7

Diastolic dysfunction

Front 8

Ischemic cardiomyopathy

Back 8

Combination of systolic and diastolic cardiomyopathy

Front 9

Acute pericarditis

Back 9

Precursor to: restrictive pericarditis and cardiac tamponade (ventricular underloading)

Front 10

Examples of conditions that cause high output failure

Back 10

Arteriovenous fistula, hyperthyroidism, severe anemia

Front 11

Examples of conditions that cause ventricular underloading

Back 11

Mitral stenosis, hypovolemia, pericardial restriction, RV infarction

Front 12

Etiologies of dilated cardiomyopathy

Back 12

Includes toxic (eg, EtOH), infectious (Coxsackie B, Chagas'), non-infectious (eg, autoimmune diseases such as SLA, Rheumatic fever, RA, etc.), metabolic (eg, Kawshiorkor, hyperthyroidism) and infiltrative (eg, amyloidosis)

Front 13

Pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy

Back 13

1. Systolic pump failure due to reduced contraction
2. Eccentric hypertrophy due to compensation for decreased shortening ability of fibers

Front 14

Clinical features of LHF in dilated cardiomyopathy

Back 14

Dyspnea, orthopnea, LV enlargement, S3 gallop

Front 15

Complications of RHF in dilated cardiomyopathy

Back 15

Peripheral edema, elevated CVP, hepatomegaly, RV enlargement

Front 16

Diagnostic features of systolic heart failure

Back 16

Large heart, low ejection fraction

Front 17

CHF in dilated cardiomyopathy can lead to these complications

Back 17

Thromboembolism, arrhythmias (esp. a-fib)

Front 18

Therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy

Back 18

Diuretics, beta-blockers, vasodilators, anticoagulants, inotropes*

Front 19

This cardiomyopathy is typically characterized by bi-ventricular failure

Back 19

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Front 20

Clinical presentation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Back 20

Angina, dyspnea, syncope (following exercise, may be fatal)

Front 21

Clinical features of diastolic heart failure

Back 21

Small heart, normal or elevated ejection fraction;
pulmonary congestion, dyspnea, systemic edema

Front 22

Therapy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Back 22

Beta-blockers (relax myocardium and prolong diastolic filling time; relieve ischemia/angina; decrease outflow obstruction), surgery (remove septal muscle)

Front 23

Features of restrictive cardiomyopathy

Back 23

Stiff ventricular walls caused by infiltration, hypertrophy or fibrosis (diastolic dysfunction)

Front 24

This cardiomyopathy can mimic chronic constrictive pericarditis

Back 24

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Front 25

Clinical features of pericardial tamponade

Back 25

Rapid onset, shock, sympathetic response (tachycardia, diaphoresis), Beck's triad

Front 26

Beck's triad

Back 26

1. Decreased MAP ("paradoxical pulse")
2. "Kussmaul's sign": increased systemic venous pressure, neck veins distend on inspiration (due to impaired RV filling, so the pressure stays high)
3. "Quiet heart" - heart is insulated by pericardial effusion

Front 27

This pericardial disease presents as right-sided failure with small heart

Back 27

Chronic constrictive pericarditis