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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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General features of Bacillus antracis
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Non-motile, Spore forming, Gram +, rod
Aerobic Large, boxcar-like spore forming rods Poly-D-Glutamate capsule (UNIQUE!!!) |
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Anthrax toxin three protein components
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Protective Ag--mediate entry of LF or EF in eukaryotic cells
Lethal factor--kills cells Edema Factor--is an adenylate cyclase (activated by calmodulin) |
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DOC for Anthrax
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Cipro or Doxy
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S/S of cutaneous Anthrax
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Black eschar
--No Pus --No Pain Edema |
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General features of Clostridium perfringens
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Large Gram +, spore-forming rods
nonmotile Anaerobic Double zone of hemolysis |
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Medically important
Gram positive rods |
Bacillus
Clostridium Cornyebacterium Listeria |
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Cat scratch fever:
Bug & its characteristics |
Bartonella Henselae
Fastidious, Gram (-) rods |
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General characteristics of listeria
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Non-spore forming, Gram + rod
Aerobic motile INTRACELLULAR produces no exotoxin |
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Difference between Bacillus anthracis and cereus
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Cereus is motile
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MOA of tetanospasmin (neurotoxin)
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Binds to ganglioside receptors
Inhibits release of inhibitory NT Causes convulsive contractions of voluntary mm |
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MOA of Botulinum toxin
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Blocks release of ACH from presynaptic vesicle
flaccid paralysis |
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These two bugs use alpha toxin?
How does it work in each? |
C. perfringens (enzymatic lysis)
S. Aureus (pore formation) |
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Exotoxin A:
MOA? Which bug uses this? |
P. Aeruginosa
ADP ribosyl transferase; inactivates EF-2. Inhibits Eukaryotic protein synthesis. |
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Skin infection that was initially vesicular but with longer lasting bullae;
catalase-positive organism. DX? |
Impetigo
due to S. aureus |
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Skin infection; skin erosion; honey-crusted;
catalase-negative organism. DX? |
Impetigo
Due to S. pyogenes (Gr. A) |
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General Features of Strep. pyogenes.
(GAS) (5) |
Gram + cocci in chains
Catalase negative M protein Beta hemolytic Bacitracin Sensitive |
Gram
Catalase Serological ID Hemolysis Sensitivity |
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Tx of S. pyogenes
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Penicillin
(if allergic use Macrolide) |
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Distinguishing features of S. Aureus
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Small, yellow colonies on blood agar
Gram positive cocci clusters Catalase positive ß-hemolytic Coagulase positive Ferments mannitol |
Positive x3
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Border is raised and surface appears like an orange peel
Can also occur on extremities. DX? Etiology? Tx? |
Erysipelas
S. pyogenes If on face: Vanc If on extremities: IV Pen G |
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Most common causes of Cellulitis
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S. aureus
S. pyogenes |
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Furuncles/Carbuncles on: Neck, face, axillae, or buttocks.
Bug? |
S. aureus
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Furuncles/Carbuncles on: Inflamed follicles from neck down.
Bug? |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (hot tub folliculitis)
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Inflammation of follicles and sebaceous glands
Bug and Dx |
Propionibacterium acnes
Acne Vulgaris |
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Vesicular lesions sometimes preceded by neurologic pain.
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Herpes
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Bug and toxin causing Scalded skin syndrome
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S. aureus--->Exfoliatin toxin
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Most common causes of fasciitis
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Streptococcus pyogenes
C. perfringens |
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DOC for C. perfringens
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Pen G +/- Clindamycin
PLUS debridement |
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General characteristics of C. perfringens (3 big ones)
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GRAM (+) RODS
SPORE FORMING NON-MOTILE Stormy fermentation Egg yolk agar Double zone of hemolysis Phospholipase C |
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Nocardia brasiliensis characteristics
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Aerobic
Gram (+) branching rods Partially Acid Fast Intracellular |
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae Characteristics
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Aerobic
Non-motile Gram (+) non-spore forming rods Pleomorphic Tellurite medium |
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#1 burn infection
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Aerobic
Gram (-) Rod Motile Pyocyanin pigment Oxidase Positive Grape-like odor slime layer (glycocalyx) Non-lactose fermenter on MacConkey |
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Where is Borrelia burgdorferi commonly found?
When? Vector? |
Northeast, Midwest, & West coast
Late spring/Early summer Ixodes sp. (tick) |
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Characteristics of:
Borrelia Burgdorferi TX? |
Spirochetes
Gram neg. (note: spiros don't gram stain) Difficult to culture Tx: Doxy |
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Hunter with ulceroglandular dz, atypical pneumonia, or GI dz
Arkansas/Missouri DX |
Tularemia
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Vector of Tularemia
Reservoir |
Dermacentor (Tick)
Rodents |
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Francisella tularensis Characteristics
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Gram (-) small rods
Intracellular, parasitize reticuloendothelial system |
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Tx of Tularemia
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Streptomycin
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Vector of Yersinia pestis
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Xeopsylla cheopsis (rat flea)
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Characteristics of Yersinia pestis
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"Safety pin" staining
Gram (-) rods with bipolar staining |
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Tx of Yersinia pestis
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Streptomycin and/or Penicillin
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Pt with influenza-like s/s and petechial rash that begins on ankles and wrists and moves to trunk. Went camping in Virginia mountains.
Intracellular, Gram(-) bacilli |
Rickettsia rickettsii
Rocky Mtn Spotted Fever |
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Vectors of Rickettsia
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Dermacentor in most places
Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) in the Southwest |
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Tx of Rocky mountain spotted fever
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Doxycycline
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Similar to Rocky Mtn Spotted Fever, but no rash.
+Thrombocytopenia +Leukopenia +Morulae inside cells |
Ehrlichiosis
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Tx of Ehrlichiosis
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Doxycycline
(begin before Lab confirmation) |
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Leptospira interrogans
characteristics Tx? |
Tightly coiled spirochetes
Flagellated (2 flagella) Penicillin/Tetracycline |
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Brucellosis Characteristics
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Gram (-) Coccobacilli
Non-motile Intracellular parasite |
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Tx of Brucellosis
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Tetracycline/Streptomycin
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Pt with acute septicemia; exposure to animals or unpasteurized dairy;
California/Texas or travel to Mexico |
Brucellosis
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Three types of Brucella sp. and their reservoirs
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B. abortus: Cattle
B. melitensis: Goats B. suis: Pigs |
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