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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Energy
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the ability to do work
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Metabolism
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the sum of all anabolic and catabolic processes in a cell or organism
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Kinetic Energy
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energy possessed by moving objects
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Potential Energy
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energy stored by virtue of an object’s position within an attractive or repulsive force field
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Work
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the transfer of energy from one body or place to another
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The First Law of Thermodynamics
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The total amount of energy in the universe is constant. Energy cannot be created or destroyed but only converted from one form into another. If an object or process gains an amount of energy, it does so at the expense of a loss in energy somewhere else in the universe.
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Bond Energy
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the minimum energy required to break one mole of bonds between two species of atoms; a measure of the stability of a chemical bond
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activation energy
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the difference between the potential energy level of the transition state and the potential energy of reacting molecules
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entropy
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a measure of the randomness or disorder in a collection of objects or energy; symbolized by S
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free energy (Gibbs free energy)
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isusable energy, or energy that is available to do work.
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The Second Law of Thermodynamics
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The entropy of the universe increases with any change that occurs. Mathematically, (S)universe > 0.
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Exergonic reaction
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a chemical reaction in which the energy of the products is less than the energy of the reactants; chemists call it an exothermic reaction
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Endergonic
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a chemical reaction in which the energy of the products is more than the energy of the reactants; chemists call it an endothermic reaction
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phosphorylation
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the process of attaching a phosphate group to an organic molecule
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substrate
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the reactant that an enzyme acts on when it catalyzes a
chemical reaction |
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active site
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the location where the substrate binds to an enzyme
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competitive inhibitors
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substances that compete with the substrate for
an enzyme’s active site |
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Feedback inhibition
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a method of metabolic control in which a product formed later in a sequence of reactions allosterically inhibits an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction occuring earlier in the process
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