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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Salicylate overdose blood gas... |
Respiratory alkalosis early coupled by metabolic acidosis layer (woman with mental health history presents short of breath) |
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VSD treatment |
Prostaglandins |
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COPD + cirrhosis |
Alpha antitrypsin |
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Commonest pneumonia in HIV +ve but stable Pt |
Strep pneumoniae |
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Papillary muscle rupture post MI |
MR |
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2^ hyperPTH Ca level? |
Low |
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3* hyperPTH Ca++ level? |
High |
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Drugs that cause tardive dyskinesia |
Antipsychotics |
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Folatic acid dose for pregnant epileptics |
5mg |
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Small dimpled spots |
Mollusium |
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Unexplained loss of motor or sensory function |
Conversion disorder |
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Essential diagnosed if it hasn’t been long enough to be PTSD |
Acute Stress Reaction |
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Drug that causes diabetes insipidus |
Lithium |
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Causes of neonatal hypoglycaemia |
GDM, eclampsia, maternal drug use Poor feeding, SGA, respiratory distress |
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Superior mesenteric artery supplies? |
Major duodenal papilla to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon |
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Inferior mesenteric artery supply? |
Hindgut: distal 1/3 of transverse colon to rectum |
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Pancreatitis complications |
Pseudocyst Infection Diabetes Pancreatic cancer Kidney failure Breathing problems Malnutrition
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UC histology |
crypt abscesses (The typical histologic findings of ulcerative colitis include expansion of chronic inflammation in the mucosa and, in active cases, the presence of acute inflammation. In mildly active cases, there is an acute cryptitis that progresses to crypt abscesses in moderately active cases) |
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treatment of ascites |
low salt diet spironolactone (paracentesis if severe) (liver transplant if refractory) |
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ECG arteries and regions V1-V4 V5-V6, I, aVL II, III, aVF
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V1-V4 = LAD (anterior / septal) V5-V6, I, aVL = LCx (lateral) II, III, aVF = RCA (inferior) |
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Pads Asthma 2nd Step |
> 5 LABA < 5 LTRA |
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Haemachromatosis Inx |
HIGH ferritin AND high transferrin Genetic testing |
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Electrolyte abnormalities in dialysis |
HIGH: potassium & magnesium LOW: sodium & calcium |
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Stages of labour |
1st = contractions - 10cm 2nd = 10cm - baby 3rd = baby - placenta. |
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Phases of 1st stage |
Latent = 0 - 3cm (0.5cm/hr, irregular) Active = 3 - 7cm (1cm/hour, regular) Transition = 7cm - 10cm (1cm/hr, strong and regular contractions) |
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Failure to progress |
1st stage = <2cm / 4hrs or slowing progression if multiparous 2nd stage = 2hrs if nulliparous / 1hr if multiparous 3rd = > 30m of active management / >60m of physiological management |
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Parietal lobe lesion |
inferior homonymous quadrantanopia sensory inattention apraxias astereognosis (tactile agnosia) Gerstmann's syndrome (dominant parietal lesion): alexia, acalculia, finger agnosia and right-left disorientation |
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Occipital lobe lesion |
homonymous hemianopia (with macula sparing) cortical blindness visual agnosia |
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Temporal lobe |
Wernicke's (receptive) dysphasia: word substitution, neologisms superior homonymous quadrantanopia auditory agnosia prosopagnosia (difficulty recognising faces) |
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Frontal lobe |
Broca's (expressive) dysphasia: laboured, halting speech disinhibition perseveration anosmia inability to generate a list |
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Cerebellum lesion |
midline lesions: gait and truncal ataxia hemisphere lesions: intention tremor, past pointing, dysdiadokinesis, nystagmus |
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CT Head w/in 1hr if |
GCS <13 (arrival) / <15 (2 hrs) ?open / ?depressed fracture ? basal skull fracture (‘panda' eyes, csf leakage) Focal deficit / seizure Vomited > once |
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Acute limb ischaemia |
sudden decrease in arterial blood flow to a limb that threatens its viability 6 Ps Pain / Pallor Pulseless / Perishingly cold Paraesthesia / Paralysis
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Critical Limb Ischaemia |
the end-stage of peripheral arterial disease, where there is an inadequate supply of blood to a limb to allow it to function normally at rest |
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Section 135 (emergency) |
Police can forcibly enter your home |
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Section 136 (emergency) |
police detain you at a place of safety (hospital/police station) |
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Section 5(4) (emergency) |
nurse can detain you for 6 hours |
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Section 5(2) (emergency) |
doctors can detain you for 72 hours |
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Section 2 (NON-emergency) |
detained for 28 days |
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Section 3 (NON-emergency) |
Admitted for treatment (up to 6 months) |
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Ectropion |
eversion exposes columnar epithelium leading to a central area of velvety redness surrounding external os |
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Cervical cancer |
focally ulcerated indurated friable necrotic mass bleeds easily on touch |
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Benzo overdose Mx |
Flumazenil |
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Aspirin overdose |
Sodium bicarbonate |
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Day before surgery insulin |
usual dose given (except long-acting, dose reduced by 20 %) |
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Day OF surgery insulin |
long-acting continued at 80 % all other stopped until patient eating / drinking |
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Urinary incontinence from prolapse |
Conservative: • Physiotherapy (pelvic floor exercises) • Weight loss • Lifestyle changes for associated stress incontinence, such as reduced caffeine intake and incontinence pads • Treatment of related symptoms, such as treating stress incontinence with anticholinergic mediations • Vaginal oestrogen cream
Pessaries
Surgery |
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Ascites management |
low salt diet spironolactone (paracentesis if severe) (liver transplant if refractory) |
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Down's syndrome bowel obstruction |
Duodenal atresia |
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Child in GP: fatigue, bruising, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy |
?Leukaemia |
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What to do in GP with Pads ? Leukaemia |
Urgent blood test and blood film & review in 48hs |
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Nec Fac Sx |
Pain discolouration blistering Fever Malaise |
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Nec Fac Ex |
Poorly defined erythema with pain extending beyond margins Tense oedema / bullae Creptius / offensive ‘dishwater’ discharge |
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Nec Fac Mx |
Broad IV Abx Urgent surgical debridement |
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What tumour causes Horner's syndrome? |
Pancoasts |
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Randomized controlled trials |
the effect of the treatment is often compared with "no treatment" |
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Cohort studies |
determine how often a certain disease occurs |
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Case-control studies |
compare people who have a certain medical condition with people who do not |
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Cross-sectional studies |
A representative group of people – usually a random sample – are interviewed or examined in order to find out their opinions or facts |
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Qualitative studies |
what it is like for people to live with a certain disease |
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Weber |
conductive loss heard in same ear sensorineural loss heard on opposite |
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Rinnies |
AC>BC = normal (or sensorineural loss) BC>AC = conductive hearing loss |
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Budd-Chiari Syndrome |
hepatic VEIN thrombosis (blocking outflow of blood) @ w/ hyper-coagulable states leads to acute hepatitis classic triad: abdo pain, hepatomegaly, ascites |
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Mild consolidation on CXR Apyrexial but SOB Long term Abx for SLE Hypo Na Dx & Mx? |
Legionella Pneuma Abx |
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How to Dx glaucoma? |
Tanometry (measures intraocular pressure) |
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Newborn test for deafness? |
Automated Auditory Brainstem Response |
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#NOF Ex... |
Shortened & externally rotated |
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HLA B27 @ (eg Ank Spon.) red eye |
Iritis (same as anterior uveitis) |
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PSC antibodies (aren’t very helpful in diagnosis but they can indicate where there is an autoimmune element to the disease that may respond to immunosuppression) |
p-ANCA (antineutrophil cytoplasmic) up to 94% ANA (antinuclear) up to 77% aCL (anticardiolipin) up to 63% |
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PBC antibodies (forms part of the diagnostic criteria) |
AMA (anti-mitochondrial) *most specific* ANA (anti-nuclear) present in 35% of Pts |
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Peripheral Neuropathy from poor country |
B12 deficiency |
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CF Tests |
Newborn blood spot testing (performed on all children shortly after birth) - picks up most cases (looks for raised IRT - immunoreactive trypsinogen) Sweat test (GOLD standard) - testing for the chloride concentration (>60 is Dx) Genetic testing for CFTR gene - can be performed during pregnancy (amniocentesis / chorionic villous sampling) or as blood test after birth
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Section 2 |
Admitted for ASSESSMENT (up to 28 days) |
