Sb Nail Diseases & Disorders

Front 1

Ringworm of the nail.

Cause: fungus, disease-related, can result from a nail injury invaded by fungus.

Prognosis: nail becomes thick and discolors from black to brown or beige to white; can develop white scaly patches with yellow streak under nail plate; deformed nail may fall off; must be diagnosed and treated by a physician.

Treatment: no service may be performed. Refer client to a physician.

Back 1

Onychomycosis or Tinea Unguium

Front 2

Ringworm of the hand.

Cause: fungus; disease-related.

Prognosis: appears as rings containing tiny blisters, dark pink to reddish in color; can have dry flakes; can be confused with eczema or contact dermatitis; can spread to nails, scalp, feet or body. must be diagnosed and treated by a physician.

Treatment: no service may be performed. Refer client to a physician.

Back 2

Tinea Manus

Front 3

"Athlete's Foot" or ringworm of the feet.

Cause: fungus, disease-related; thrives in dark, moist places.

Prognosis:itching and peeling of the skin on the feet; blisters containing colorless fluid form in groups or singly on sores and between toes, leaving sore or itchy skin on one or both feet; must be diagnosed and treated by a physician.

Treatment: no service may be performed. Refer client to a physician.

Back 3

Tinea Pedis

Front 4

Inflammation of skin around the nail.

Cause: bacterial infection, disease-related condition of the tissue surrounding the nail can occur if a hangnail gets infected. Prolonged exposure of hands to water can create conditions favorable for paronychia to develop.

Prognosis: red, swollen, sore, warm to touch, can lose the nail; must be diagnosed and treated by a physician; healing takes four weeks; nail may grown out deformed but can recover shape.

Treatment: no service may be performed. Refer client to a physician.

Back 4

Paronychia or Felon

Front 5

Shedding or falling off of nails.

Cause: disease and injury related.

Prognosis: if the disease causeing the problem is cured, the nail will regrown; may occur on only one or two nails; nail bed will be sensitive and should be protected while nail regrows.

Treatment: no service may be performed on affected nails. Refer client to physician.

Back 5

Onychoptosis

Front 6

Inflammation of the nail matrix.

Cause: bacterial infection, disease-related.

Prognosis: inflammation of the nail matrix, pus formation; red, swollen and tender; nail may stop growning and plate may detach; nail may not grow back; if it does, it will probably be deformed; must be diagnosed and treate bya physician.

Treatment: no service may be perfomred. Refer client to a physician.

Back 6

Onychia

Front 7

Atrophy of the nail or wasting away of nail.

Cause: injury or systemic disease. Not by fungus.

Prognosis: nail shrinks in die and may separate from nail bed; if illness- related, may not improve if matrix is damaged; the nail may improve in 3 to 6 months.

Treatment: no service may be performed on affected nails. Refer client to a physician.

Back 7

Onychatrophia

Front 8

Lossening or separation of the nail.

Cause: internal disroder, infection or drug treatment; systemic, disease-related.

Prognosis: loosening of the nail plate starting at the free edge and progressing to the lunula; nail doesn't comr off; stary attached at root area; must be diagnosed and treated by a physician

Treatment: do not touch. No service may be performed on affected nails. Refer client to a physician.

Back 8

Onycholysis

Front 9

Appear bluish in color.

Cause: systemicproblems of the heart, poor circulation or injury.

Prognosis: "blue" color in skin under nails; can be solved if cause is eliminated; common in older people.

Treatment: make client aware of problem and possible causes; suggest seeing a physician; manicure with caution, using light pressure.

Back 9

Blue Nails

Front 10

Very thin, soft nails.

Cause: hereditary or nervous condition.

Prognosis: thin nails, almost see-through, transparent.

Treatment: regular application of top coat, nail strengthener or artificial nails as well as good dietary practices.

Back 10

Eggshell Nails

Front 11

Horzontal wavy ridges across the nail.

Cause: injury, systemic conditons; uneven growth.

Prognosis: easily recognizable; if injury-related, it may grow out and disappear; systemic conditions may cause permanent ridges.

Treatment: lightly buff to level the nail surface; apply a base coat or ridge filler to protect and even surface. Avoid over buffing, since it is easy to thin the nail plate.

Back 11

Corrugations

Front 12

Nails with a concave shape.

Cause: systemic or long-term illness or nerve disturbance.

Prognosis: unusual nail shapes; unlikely ot disappear.

Treatment: file carefully; apply no pressure to nail plate; use polish to harden and protect nails.

Back 12

Kolionychia or Spoon Nails

Front 13

Indented vertical lines down the nail plate.

Cause: injury to matrix that causes cells to reproduce unevely; can be nutrition, injury or illness-related; pushing too hard with pusher during nail service or exposure to harsh chemicals.

Prognosis: easily recognizable; may grow out; may be permanent.

Treatment: lightly buff; apply base coat or ridge filler to protect and even out surface; perform nail service as usual.

Back 13

Furrows

Front 14

An increased curvature of the nails.

Cause: sytemic.

Prognosis: increase thickness and curving of the nail that may occur with age or injury to nail; most often occuring in the big toe; physicians may remove if severely deformed or difficult to keep clean.

Treatment: look for signs of infection; clean well under free edge; file with emery board and keep nails short; only a podiatrist should trim.

Back 14

Onychogryposis aka "Claw Nails"

Front 15

Ingrown nails.

Cause: environmental or poor nail trimming practices; can become infected.

Prognosis: if the nail grown into the edge of the nail groove cuting the skin or becomes deeply embedded and/or infected, refer client to a physician who will remove the skin or portion of nail causing the problem. itmay also occur on toes if shoes are too tight, or if the toenails are filed too deeply on sides.

Treatment: thoroughly soften skin, trim nail straight across to prevent pressure on the nail groove. If infection is evident, do not perform service. Refer to a physician.

Back 15

Onychocryptosis

Front 16

Thickening of the nail plate or an abnormal outgrowth of the nail.

Cause; injury to nail or systemic.

Prognosis: easily recognizable; likely to disappear.

Treatment: can be lightly buffed to even out the nail plate.

Back 16

Onychauxis or Hypertrophy