Sb 7-9 & 12

Front 1

What is the overall SB acronym?

Back 1

HOW TO DECIDE BEFORE A SCIENCE

Front 2

What does HOW TO DE stand for?

Back 2

Honest in Inquiry
Observation as a base
What questions, not why questions
Theory
Objective definitions and communication
Doubt/Debunking
Empiricism

Front 3

What does science allow for in dealing with communication?

Back 3

It allows a maximizing of communication.

Front 4

When it terminology in science useful?

Back 4

When it is precise and is defined by a unique set of operations or properties.

Front 5

What does the labelling of behavior not substitute for?

Back 5

An explanation.

Front 6

What does the language of science try to get rid of?

Back 6

Ambiguity

Front 7

What do we use when we move from common sense into scientific things?

Back 7

Observations and experiments

Front 8

Circular reasoning/circularity

Back 8

The behavior is fallaciously explained in terms of the concept, and the concept is verified by the behavior.

Front 9

What is describing a behavior not the same as?

Back 9

Discovering the cause of the behavior.

Front 10

The school psychologist who redundantly explains John's constant fighting with the statement, "John fights because he is hostile-aggressive," is really not saying more than the redundant [blank].

Back 10

"John fights because he fights."

Front 11

What must all terms be defined in?

Back 11

In terms of steps that were carried out in observation or measurement of the term.

Front 12

What are objective definitions based on?

Back 12

The validity of the procedures employed in arriving at the findings.

Front 13

Objectivity facilitates communication and points out meaningless questions by eliminating:

Back 13

1. Obscurity
2. Ambiguity
3. Vagueness

Front 14

Obscurity

Back 14

vagueness of what a given term means, if it means anything at all;
uncertainty

Front 15

Ambiguity

Back 15

multiple, or plural, meanings

Front 16

Vagueness

Back 16

The lack of preciseness in the use of terms.

Front 17

How does an area of study acquire the status of being a science?

Back 17

By the method of study it employs (i.e. the scientific method).

Front 18

Operationalism

Back 18

founded by P.W. Bridgman

A concept is synonymous with the corresponding set of operations that was used to measure the concept

Front 19

Operational definitions ...

Back 19

reduce vagueness in communications.

Front 20

How could anxiety be operationally defined?

Back 20

-the reading on a lie detector
-a set of questions answered by the subject
-pulse

Front 21

How could motivation be operationally defined?

Back 21

-hours of food deprivation
-blood sugar level
-amount of behavior which a given stimulus produces
-verbal statements

Front 22

T/F: By insisting that concepts contain an operational basis, it becomes easy to detect those assertions which cannot be answered by experimentation.

Back 22

True

Front 23

What is the specification of the procedure which establishes a scientific concept called?

Back 23

Operationalism

Front 24

What could be an operational definition of intelligence?

Back 24

-score on a particular test

Front 25

How do scientists build themselves "new roads"

Back 25

With the "stones" of critical analysis they cast at themselves.

Front 26

What is the principle of doubt or self criticism in science?

Back 26

Requires that all statements claimed to be factual must be rejected until they are shown to be correct by experimental inquiry.

Front 27

When are statements considered acceptable?

Back 27

When they can be demonstrated to be correct by careful experimental inquiry.

Front 28

Who imposes the editing?

Back 28

A scientist imposes this self-editing on himself/herself

Front 29

What should you be skeptical of?

Back 29

Everything.

Front 30

How is empiricism in science shown?

Back 30

In the degree to which it concentrates on behavior and avoids myths such as ego and id.

Front 31

What is empiricism wary of?

Back 31

Terms such as attitude, self-actualization, and IQ (until they are defined in precise behavioral variables)

Front 32

What is the mode of empiricism?

Back 32

"Let's look and see."

Front 33

What is the origin of the word reflex?

Back 33

Nerves were thought to be hollow tubes through which "animal spirits were reflected"

Front 34

What is the basic attitude of empiricism?

Back 34

One that must be affirmed regardless of our technical skill (i.e. we must always endeavor to look and see)

Front 35

Where does the strange air of confidence about scientists come from?

Back 35

The confidence that comes from having a viable means to evaluating a particular situation.

Front 36

What is the determinist answer to the question "Why do you grow a beard?"

Back 36

It was a lawful relationship; when I stopped shaving, the beard grew.

Front 37

What is a basic assumption in all science?

Back 37

That natural phenomena are determined;

every event in the universe has a cause.

Front 38

What enables us to control the occurrence of future events?

Back 38

The knowledge of relationships between events and their causes.

Front 39

What should determinism not be identified with?

Back 39

Pre-scientific doctrine of Calvinism, predeterminism, or fatalism.

Front 40

Can behavior be changed?

Back 40

Yes, by finding the lawful relationship that controls the behavior.

Front 41

The term determinism, as used by behavior scientists, refers to ...

Back 41

the notion that behavior is lawful.

Front 42

What would happen if there was no lawfulness in behavior?

Back 42

You would not be able to change behavior.

Front 43

What have humans not been good at?

Back 43

At using science in reference to studying their own behavior.

Front 44

Labeling of behavior does not substitute for ...

Back 44

explanation.

Front 45

What does the O stand for in the mnemonic?

Back 45

Objective definitions and communication

Front 46

In science, experimenters try to get rid of what?

Back 46

Ambiguity

Front 47

When behavior is fallaciously explained in terms of a concept what happens?

Back 47

The concept is verified by the behavior.

Front 48

Objective definitions are based on ...

Back 48

the validity of the procedure.

Front 49

What are the three things objectivity tries to eliminate?

Back 49

-Vagueness
-Ambiguity
-Obscurity

Front 50

What does the D stand for in the mnemonic?

Back 50

Doubt/debunking

Front 51

You can only trust a phenomenon if ...

Back 51

it can be demonstrated by a careful experiment.

Front 52

What does the E stand for in the mnemonic?

Back 52

empiricism

Front 53

The basic attitude of empiricism is ...

Back 53

one that must be affirmed, regardless of technical skill