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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the force which the heart has to pump (peripheral resistance) to eject blood from the left ventricle
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afterload
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how do factors and conditions that impede blood flow affect the heart?
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increases left ventricular afterload
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the pressure of the blood against the arterial walls
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arterial pressure
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What causes an increased arterial pressure?
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Increased CO, peripheral resistance, or blood volume
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the ability of the cardiac cells to initiate an impulse spontaneously and repetitively w/o external neurohormonal control
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automaticity
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which cells have the highest rate of automaticity of all cardiac cells?
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pacemaker cells
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specialized nerve endings located in the walls of the aortic arch and carotid sinuses that are affected by changes in the arterial BP
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baroreceptors
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how would an increase in arterial BP affect baroreceptors?
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Stimulate baroreceptors and the HR and arterial pressure would decrease
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how would a decrease in arterial BP affect baroreceptors?
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Lessened stimulation of baroreceptors; vasoconstriction occurs; HR increases
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the force exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels
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blood pressure
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the pressure exerted by the blood against the capillary walls
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hydrostatic pressure
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what is the normal capillary at the arterial end of the capillaries?
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25-30
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what is the normal capillary pressure at the venous end of the capillaries?
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10-15
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the total volume of blood pumped through the heart in 1 minute
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cardiac output
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normal cardiac output
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4-10 L/min
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how is CO calculated
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SV x HR; calculated via thermodilution method when pt has arterial catheter
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nerve endings located in the aortic arch and carotid bodies that are stimulated by hypoxemia and that subsequently transmit impulses to the CNS
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chemoreceptors
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the ability of the heart muscle fibers to propagate electrical impulses along and across cell membranes
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conductivity
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the inherent ability of the myocardium to alter contractile force and velocity
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contractility
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