Saunders Nclex Unit 11 Pyramid Terms

Front 1

the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity that results from venous congestion of the hepatic capillaries, which leads to plasma leaking directly from the liver surface and portal vein

Back 1

Ascites

Front 2

A coarse tremor characterized by rapid, non-rhythmic extensions and flexions in the wrist and fingers

Back 2

Asterixis (aka liver flap)

Front 3

partial gastrectomy with the remaining segment being anastomosed to the duodenum

Back 3

Billroth I (aka gastroduodenostomy)

Front 4

partial gastrectomy with the remaining segment being anastomosed to the jejunum

Back 4

Billroth II (aka gastrojejunostomy)

Front 5

removal of the gallbladder

Back 5

cholecystectomy

Front 6

an inflammation of the glallbladder that may occur as an acture or chronic process.

Back 6

cholecystitis

Front 7

acute inflammation associated with gallstones

Back 7

cholelithiasis

Front 8

Cause of chronic cholecystitis

Back 8

Inefficient bile emptying and gallbladder muscle wall disease causes a fibrotic and contracted bladder.

Front 9

incision into the common bile duct to remove a gallstone

Back 9

choledocholithotomy

Front 10

a chronic progressive disease of the liver characterized by diffuse degeneration and destruction of hepatocytes; repeated destruction of hepatic cells leads to the formation of scar tissue

Back 10

cirrhosis

Front 11

an inflammatory disease that can occur anywhere in the GI tract but most often affects the terminal ileum; leads to thickening and scarring, narrowed lumen, fistulas, ulcerations, and abcesses; characterized by remissions and exacerbations

Back 11

Crohn's disease

Front 12

bluish dicoloration of the abdomen and periumbilical area seen in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis

Back 12

Cullen's sign

Front 13

inflammation of one or more diverticula from penetration of fecal matter through the thin-walled diverticula, resulting in a local abcess formation; a perforated diverticulum can progress to intraabdominal perforation with generalized peritonitis

Back 13

Diverticulitis

Front 14

Outpouching or herniations of the intestinal mucosa that can occur in any part of the intestine, but most often in the sigmoid colon

Back 14

Diverticulosis

Front 15

rapid emptying of the gastric contents into the small intestine, which occurs following a gastric resection

Back 15

Dumping syndrom

Front 16

dilated and tortuous veins in the submucosa of the esophagus caused by portal hypertension, often associated w/ liver cirrhosis; high risk of rupture if portal circulation pressure increases

Back 16

Esophageal varices

Front 17

the fruity, musty breath odor associated with severe chronic liver disease

Back 17

Fetor Hepaticus

Front 18

removal of the stomach with attachment of the esophagus to the jejunum or duodenum

Back 18

Gastrectomy (also termed esophagojejunostomy or esophagoduodenostomy)

Front 19

removal of the lower half of the stomach, usually including a vagotomy

Back 19

Gastric resection (also termed antrectomy)

Front 20

a portion of the stomach that herniates through the diaphragm and into the thorax

Back 20

Hiatal Hernia (also termed esophageal or diaphragmatic hernia)

Front 21

What causes a hiatal hernia to occur?

Back 21

weakening of the muscles of the diaphragm and is aggravated by factors that increase abdominal pressure, such as pregnancy, ascites, obesity, tumors, and heavy lifting

Front 22

an intraabdominal pouch construced from the terminal ileum; pouch is connected to the stoma w/ a nipple like valve constructed from a portion of the ileum; stoma is flush w/ skin

Back 22

Kock ileostomy (continent ileostomy)

Front 23

a sign of gallbladder disease consisting of pain on taking a deep breath when the examiner's fingers are on the approximate location of the gallbladder

Back 23

Murphy's sign

Front 24

an acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas, associated with escape of pancreatic enzymes into the surrounding tissues

Back 24

Pancreatitis

Front 25

How is acute pancreatitis different from chronic pancreatitis?

Back 25

Acute pancreatitis may occur suddenly as one attack or can be recurrent with resolution. Chronic pancreatitis is a continual inflammation and destruction of the pancreas, with scar tissue replacing pancreatic tissue

Front 26

wave-like rhythmic contractions that propel material through the GI tract

Back 26

peristalsis

Front 27

a persistent increase in pressure within the portal vein that develops as a result of obstruction to flow

Back 27

portal hypertension

Front 28

enlarging the pylorus to prevent or decrease pyloric obstruction, thereby enhancing gastric emptying

Back 28

pyloroplasty

Front 29

a gray-blue discoloration of the flanks seen in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis

Back 29

Turner's sign

Front 30

ulcerative and inflammatory disease of the bowel that resulos in poor absorption of nutrients.

Back 30

Ulcerative colitis

Front 31

Form of ulcerative colitis that results in vascular congestion, hemorrhage, edema, and ulceration of the bowel mucosa.

Back 31

Acute ulcerative colitis

Front 32

Type of ulcerative colitis that causes muscular hypertrophy, fat deposits, and fibrous tissue with bowel thickening, shortening, and narrowing

Back 32

chronic ulcerative colitis

Front 33

surgical division of the vagus nerve to eliminate the vagal impulse that stimulates HCl secretions in the stomach

Back 33

Vagotomy