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311 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
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candid

completely honest, straightforward

Candace’s candidness overwhelmed her business
colleagues, who were not used to such honesty.

conjecture

inference; guesswork

At this point, Kimaya’s hypothesis about single-cell
biorhythms is still conjecture: She doesn’t have
conclusive evidence.

didactic



die DAK tik

instructive

The tapes were entertaining and didactic; they both
amused and instructed children.

effusive

showing excessive emotion; overflowing

Accepting his Oscar for Best Supporting Sound
Editor, Ben delivered the most effusive speech in
Editor, Ben delivered the most effusive speech in
Academy Awards history: he cried, he hugged
people, he blew kisses to the audience, and then he
cried some more.

euphemism

a mild, indirect, or vague term substituting for a harsh,
blunt, or offensive term

“To pass away” is a common euphemism for dying.

extrapolate

use specific details to make a general comment.

For example, if you travel to Canada and encounter only friendly, kind natives, you might extrapolate that all Canadians are friendly.

incoherent

lacking cohesion or connection

Maury’s sentences were so incoherent that nobody
understood a word.

insinuate

imply or suggest something that may or may not be true.

“I insinuated that I did not like his wife”

loquacius

very talkative

I’m not eloquent, so I’ll just come out and say it:
Bobby is loquacious and will talk, and talk, and talk.

lucid

easily understood; clear

Our teacher provides lucid explanations of even the
most difficult concepts so that we can all understand
them.

rhetoric

art of persuasive speaking or writing.

Since they are expected to make speeches, most
politicians and lawyers are well-versed in the art of
rhetoric.

acumen

quickness, accuracy, and keenness of judgment or
insight

Judge Ackerman’s legal acumen was so well
regarded that he was nicknamed the “Solomon of
the South.”

adroit

clever and skillful

For a guy whose wife does all the cooking, he is surprisingly adroit in the kitchen.

ascertain

to find out something
, as through investigation or
experimentation

The private investigator had long suspected my dog;
before long, he ascertained that Toto was indeed the
murderer.

astute

shrewd; clever

Stewart is financially astute; he invests wisely and
never falls for scams.

circumspect

careful, prudent, discreet

Ned’s circumspect manner makes him a wise
appointment to the diplomatic corps.

disseminate

to scatter widely, as in sowing seed

The news about Dave’s embarrassing moment at the
party disseminated quickly through the school; by
the end of the day, everyone knew what had
happened.

erudition

deep, extensive learning

Professor Rudy’s erudition was such that she could
answer any question her students put to her

pedantic

excessively concerned with book learning and formal
rules

Pedro’s pedantic tendencies prompted him to
remind us constantly of all the grammatical rules we
were breaking.

perspicacious

shrewd; clear-sighted

Persephone’s perspicacious mind had solved so
many cases that the popular private investagator
was able to retire.

pragmatic

practical

Never one for wild and unrealistic schemes, Matt
took a pragmatic approach to research.

precocious

exhibiting unusually early intellectual aptitude or
maturity

Bobby Fisher’s precocious intellect made him one of
the world’s best chess players before he could even
drive.

prolific

very productive; producing great qualities

Charles Harold St. John Hamilton was the world’s
most prolific author; it is estimated he wrote the
equivalent of one thousand novels.

prospectus

formal proposal

Before writing my thesis, I had to submit a detailed
prospectus to the department for approval.

rudimentary

basic; elementary; in the earliest stages of development

Josh’s rudimentary golf skills were easily
overpowered by Tiger Woods’s amazing
performance on the green.

abstruse

difficult to understand

Youngsters can tackle topics as apparently abstruse as algorithms, binary numbers, Boolean circuits, and cryptographic protocols.

callous

emotionally hardened; unfeeling

If you laugh at your little sister while she's trying to show you her poetry, you're being callous

disaffected

having lost faith or loyalty; discontent

The disaffected cat trainer had finally quit his job
when he realized you just can’t train cats, no matter
how much you yell at them.

enigma

a puzzle, mystery, or riddle

The emu was an enigma; you could never tell what
she was thinking.

inscrutable

difficult to fathom or understand; impenetrable

The ancient poet’s handwriting was so inscrutable,
that even the most prominent Latin scholars could
not read the manuscript

reticent

inclined to keep silent; reserved

Rosanna’s reticent behavior caused the interviewer
to think her incapable of conversing with other
students.

staid

unemotional; serious

Mr. Estado was well known for his staid demeanor;
he stayed calm even when everyone else celebrated
the team’s amazing victory.

arcane

known or understood by only a few

The dusty archive includes an arcane treasure trove
of nautical charts from the Age of Discovery.

assimilate

If you are trying to fit in, you are trying toassimilate

If someone moves to another country, he or she will need to assimilate by adapting to and taking in the language, culture and customs of the new place.

autonomy

independence; self-determination

Candice gained autonomy upon moving out of her
parents’ house into her own apartment.

cosmopolitan

worldly; widely sophisticated

unprecedented

not known, experienced, or done before.

If you've never gone on a family beach vacation but you're planning one now, you could refer to it as an unprecedented decision.

downtrodden

abused or oppressed by people in power

sublime

awe-inspiringly grand, excellent, or impressive

You might describe a spine-tingling piece of music as "a work of sublime beauty."

behemoth

something big and powerful.

You can call both a Tyrannosaurus Rex and a massive telecommunications company abehemoth.

vapid

Vapid is an adjective to describe someone or something that is dull or uninspiring.

But of its five works, at least three made this art form look vapid and unimportant.

regression

returning to a former state

If you've been trying to break your sugar habit but one day eat several pieces of cake, that's regression.

feral

wild, untamed animal

When animal control finds a feral dog, they have to handle it very carefully because the animal is so wild that it's probably afraid of humans and likely to bite.

fretful

nervous and unable to relax


; habitually complaining

You might be fretful — upset and fidgety — if you're waiting to hear whether or not you've been accepted into a competitive summer music program.

expunge

cross out / eliminate

After Nicholas proved he had been in school on the day in question, the absence was expunged from his record.

prudent

careful and sensible; marked by sound judgment

If you're getting in trouble, it is probably prudent to keep your mouth closed and just listen.

sagacious

wise and insightful

insightful

thinking that sees beyond the obvious and expresses an original thought.

the chapter is insightful and suggestive of new perspectives

consign

give over to another for care or safekeeping

You can consign ownership of your old car to your son, an act that will probably make you the "best parent ever" in his eyes

Invigorate

give strength or energy to something or someone

You might need to invigorate yourself when you first wake up in the morning, with a cup of coffee or a shower to get you going for the day.

jaded

exhausted

If you've done something so much that it doesn't excite you anymore but just leaves you tired, consider yourself jaded.

debilitating

impairing the strength and vitality

Something that's debilitating seriously affects someone or something's strength or ability to carry on with regular activities, like a debilitating illness.

ambivalent

having mixed feelings about something

If you can't decide how you feel about something, declare yourself ambivalentabout it.

fortuitious

by chance, like a lucky accident.

If you and your best friend's families happen to go on vacation to the same place at the same time, that’s afortuitous coincidence!

convoluted

intricate and hard to understand.

The more convoluted the explanation becomes, the more confused children become.

quandary

a tough situation that will be really hard to resolve.

Some voters find themselves in a quandary when they dislike all of the candidates.

stymie

obstruct or hinder.

Constantly texting with your friends willstymie your effort to finish your homework.

benevolent

intending or showing kindness; generous in providing aid to others

“a benevolent society”

impetuous
Someone impetuous acts too hastily or carelessly.
If you're a careful person who thinks everything through and doesn't act rashly, then you're not very impetuous.

meticulous

people having extreme attention to detail.

if that person is, say, your surgeon or your accountant, you'll want them to be meticulous.

prodigal

describe someone who spends too much money, or something very wasteful.

Your prodigal spending on fancy coffee drinks might leave you with no money to buy lunch.

prodigy

who is so naturally talented at something that they become a master of that particular skill as a child

you can be a musical prodigy or a math prodigy. Mozart was one, writing symphonies and playing for kings when he was only five years old.

spiteful

act in a mean way, with a desire to hurt someone

If your little brother was driving you crazy, you could calmly ignore him — or you could give him aspiteful pinch.

iniquitous

immoral or wicked

a movie that encourages people to take violent action against a minority group? That's iniquitous because the movie's message is grossly immoral.

detrimental

formal way of saying "harmful."

Smoking may be detrimental to your health

aesthetic

subject at hand is beauty or the arts.

revulsion

intense, violent, sometimes physical, dislike of something.

You may feel revulsion at the thought of seeing a horror movie, but other people can't wait to be scared by the latest zombie or slasher flick.

diligent

works hard and carefully

If you want to write the epic history of your family, you'll have to be very diligent in tracking down and interviewing all of your relatives.

gregarious

outgoing, sociable, and fond of the company of others

“he is a gregarious person who avoids solitude”

dissemble

pretend, hide under a false appearance, to deceive.

"My boyfriend was dissembling the whole time. He was a married father of two."

egalitarian

believes in the equality of all people

egalitarian society gives everyone equal rights.

adulation

exaggerated and hypocritical praise

If you've ever been to a pop concert filled with screaming fans you've probably been exposed to adulation

innocuous

isn't harmful or likely to cause injury.

An innocuous question is innocently curious, rather than aimed to hurt someone's feelings.

ambiguous

having more than one possible meaning

“frustrated by ambiguous instructions, the parents were unable to assemble the toy”

ominous

something unpleasant or threatening

If you see an ominous frown on your boss's face, you're in trouble!

resentful

if you are resentful of someone, you feel ill will toward him, mixed with envy,

You are resentful when a newer coworker gets the promotion you've been working toward for years.

omniscient

to know everything

This often refers to a special power of God.

guerrilla

small underground army, usually trying to overcome a larger and more organized force.

hostile

unfriendly

elicit

creating or provoking a response

A good comedianelicits a lot of laughs.

illicit

illegal, not allowed by law or custom

An illicit drug trade is one that happens under the radar of the law.

incite

cause to act or occur

Violent words can incite violent actions which, in turn, might incite public outcry against violence.

esoteric

intended for or understood by only a small group

Marks++ is an esoteric app

gaffe

socially awkward or tactless act

If you run into a friend out with her grey-haired father, and you blurt out, "Oh, hi, you must be Tara's grandfather!" then you've made a gaffe.

idiosyncrasy

peculiar behaviour ; characteristic peculiar to an individual or group

If you only say goodbye in French, never in English, that would be an idiosyncrasy.

insular

having a narrow view of the world

insular people who never leave their small town, which enables them to believe that every place in the world is the same and the people are all just like them.

potentate (n)

a person so powerful they don't have to follow the rules that govern everyone else

Potentate normally refers to a king or dictator, but you can call anyone with virtually unlimited power a potentate.

castigate

punish, and punish harshly


; criticize severely

If you take a mean teacher's books, even accidentally, you might worry that she's going to castigateyou as soon as she finds out.

censure (n)

referring to very strong criticism

If you take your dad's car without telling him, you can expect him to censureyou severely, and maybe even ground you as well.

denounce

speak out against

When you stand on your desk and tell the class that your partner is cheating, you denounce him or her.

condemn

openly criticize, someone who is behaving inappropriately

If you are an animal rights activist, you would probably condemn someone for wearing fur.

reclusive

desire for seclusion or privacy

Grocery shopping late at night is a reclusive habit, because few people are in the store then.

relinquish

to retire from; give up or abandon

You relinquish control of the army when you resign as general.

renounce

to give up (a title, for example), especially by formal
announcement

To renounce liberty is to renounce being a man, to surrender the rights of humanity and even its duties.

vituperative

criticism that's so sharp it hurts.

Avituperative review of a movie would make the director bitter for months.

circumscribe

to limit or restrict

If you spend too much time watching TV instead of fulfilling other obligations, you might circumscribe your TV-watching time to one hour daily (or two hours, if your favorite show is on).

contigiuous

Use the adjective contiguous when you want to describe one thing touching another thing, or next to it but not actually touching.

Utah and the contiguous state of Idaho

conciliatory

things that make other people less angry.

If you're in a fight with a friend and you want to end it, you should make a conciliatorygesture, such as inviting her to a party you're having.

credible

honest and believable

A pathological liar, for example, might not be the most credible witness for your case against the bank robber.

exonerate

declare him not guilty of criminal charges

A word with a similar meaning that might be familiar is “acquit.”

incontrovertible

undeniably, absolutely, 100 percent, completely true.;


there is no controversy about something, or, in other words, it is unchangeable and true.

Incontrovertible evidence or proof is what you are looking for if you suspect that someone is doing something wrong.

indict

accuse formally of a crime

A book that indictsthe entire education system might lay out all the reasons that schools are failing kids.

litigious

tend to sue people

If you think that there are too many lawsuits, you think that a litigious culture is not good, but if you think it's important for people to demand compensation for other's people's negligence, then maybe you appreciate litigious behavior.

parity

functional equality

rectitude

behavior that is correct, upright and honorable

You have moralrectitude if you refuse to be involved with a plan that some kids in your class have to cheat on a test.

remiss

failing in what duty requires

remiss of you not to pay your bills

repudiate

reject it, or to refuse to accept or support it.

If you grow up religious, but repudiate all organized religion as an adult, you might start spending holidays at the movies, or just going to work.

sanctimonious

excessively or hypocritically pious

The sanctimonious person sounds like a hypocrite when he preaches to a friend about the evils of drugs, while he drinks one beer after another.

scrupulous

characterized by extreme care and great effort

paying friends back for money borrowed right away, or not returning a pair of shoes after they've been worn outdoors IS AN ACT OF BEING SCRUPULOUS

solicitous

attentive, caring and concerned

A good student will be solicitous to appear interested in what the teacher says — even when it's not that interesting.

substantiate

give support to a claim

We’d really like to believe in the Tooth Fairy; however, more evidence is needed tosubstantiate her existence

veracity

unwillingness to tell lies, truthfulness

If you question the veracity of a statement or story, you wonder whether it is truthful or accurate.

vindicate

justify, prove, or reinforce an idea or to absolve from guilt.

If your family thinks you hogged the last piece of pie on Thanksgiving, you'll bevindicated when your younger brother fesses up.



When a lawyer clears her client's name in a trial, she vindicates him

cajole

persuade them by using insincere compliments or promises

If you say "Please, pretty-please, I'll be your best friend," when asking for a stick of gum, you are cajoling the gum holder.

chicanery

tricky kind of deceit and manipulation

if a politician's chicanery is exposed, he will lose public trust and not be returned to office in the next election cycle.

shenanigans

a clever form of deception,

Ever been ripped off at three card monte or some other con? Well, you're the victim of ashenanigan

sycophant

a person who tries to please someone in order to gain a personal advantage

brown-nosers, teacher's pets or suck-ups

altruism

the quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others

Bill Gates is known for his altruism. He gives on charity a lot.

eminent

highly regarded or prominent;


impressive, famous, or accomplished

It's not easy to be eminent: you have to be extremely successful.

empathy

the ability to identify with another's feelings.

When Bill Clinton famously told people "I feel your pain" during his 1992 election campaign, some praised and others ridiculed him for displaying empathy

extol

praise it very highly

If you have a crush on a guy who likes your best friend, it can be very depressing to listen to him extol your friend's virtues, while you just nod and smile

laudatory

full of or giving praise

If you do great things, then you've done praise-worthy acts and people will use laudatory words when talking about you.

magnanimous

enerous spirit

Letting your little sister have the last of the cookies, even though you hadn't eaten since breakfast, would be considered amagnanimous act.

philanthropic

Something given to help others

Money, household items, giving your time and energy to a cause — all can be philanthropic contributions.

defunct

inactive, something that used to exist, but is now gone

A magazine that no longer publishes, like Sassy, the girl-power mag from the '90s, is defunct, for example.

eradicate

get rid of it, to destroy it, and to kiss it goodbye.

You can alsoeradicate corruption, poverty, or diseases. Although there are all kinds of things to get rid of, we usually want to onlyeradicate the bad things.

quell

to suppress or overcome

quell is what you have to do with nerves before a big test like SAT and fears before going skydiving.

raze

to tear an object down to the ground, destroy

Before Donald Trump can raze that family's home to build another skyscraper, he's going to have to cut them a big check.

squelch

putting an end to it.

A mean remark could squelch your self-confidence, and a powerful military could squelch an invading country.

supplant

take the place of

Kate was out sick for a month with mono, and when she came back to school, Jessie had supplanted her as the funny girl at the lunch table

abase

to humiliate them, — no, more than just humiliate them

You have abased yourselves, and we will lift ourselves up

deride

show a low opinion of someone or something ;


treat or speak of with contempt

The jerk would deride the other kids on the bus by calling them names or pulling their hair until the driver decided to de-ride him by kicking him off the bus.

derogatory

insulting or disrespectful

Racial, sexist, and homophobic slurs are all derogatory

disparage

belittle or degrade a person or idea.; express a negative opinion of

She disparaged her student's efforts

effrontery

rudely behave as if you have a right to something that you have no right to, you're committing effrontery

When a couple stroll into a crowded restaurant, demand the best table, and threaten the staff unless they're seated right away, that's effrontery.

ignominy(n)

great public shame, disgrace, or embarrassment, or a situation or event that causes this

Walk into class in your underwear is to feel what the word ignominy means

impugn

call into question or attack as wrong; type of challenge

If your usually grumpy brother is suddenly nice and sweet, you'll impugn his motives if you're smart — he probably just wants something from you

mar (v.)

make imperfect

like a deep scratch on a wooden table.

pejorative

disapproving expression or a term of abuse.

Terms of abuse such as jerk and negative euphemisms such as bottom feeder are pejoratives, words you use when you want to call someone a bad name.

vex

brings you trouble or difficulty. In other words, it annoys, worries, distresses, irritates, bothers, or puzzles you.

vindictive

revengeful

It is no fun hanging out with vindictivepeople, who are forever out to get back at people they think have hurt them.

bombastic

rhetorical, art of persuasive speech

To be bombastic is to be full of hot air — like a politician who makes grand promises and doesn't deliver.

ebullience

Bubbly, loud, and enthusiastic; full of energy

Take a room full of seven-year-olds and add a bunch of adorable puppies, and you'll end up with ebullience.

exorbitant

describe something that is really just too much

You'll often hear people griping aboutexorbitant bank fees or exorbitant interest rates.

exuberant

ebullient, extreme unrestrained enthusiasm

I was exuberant when I found out that I have
gotten into the college of my choice. Like Stanford.

embellish

to ornament or decorate; to exaggerate

One can never trust that Anwar’s stories are realistic;
his details are almost always embellished so that his
experiences sound more interesting than they really
are.

flagrant

so bad you can't ignore it.

like flagrant bad taste or flagrant abuse of the rules of grammar.

gratuitous

"without cause" or "unnecessary."

given freely; unearned; unnecessary
The film was full of gratuitous sex and violence
inessential to the story.

lavish

extravagant

Didn't your parents lavish you with praise and love when you were small?

lugubrious

Anything that makes you sad, gloomy, or mournful can be calledlugubrious.

Funerals are lugubrious. So are rainy days and Mondays.

opulent

rich and superior in quality ; showing off your wealth

"Remember the opulent buffet at Carrie’s sweet sixteen? Sixteen chocolate cakes iced in gold leaf!"

ornate

covered in ornaments ; it's lavish, flowery, or heavily adorned.

The wood carvings were so ornate that you could
examine them many times and still notice things you
had not seen before

penchant

strong preference or tendency

If you have a penchant for pizza, you either eat it daily, or wish you did.

redundant

things that are unnecessary or could be left out

If a business has two stores on the same street, one is redundant.

ubiquitous

being present everywhere at once

The house is haunted with an ubiquitous ghost

vicarious

it delivers a feeling or experience from someone else

If your child becomes a big star, you might have avicarious experience of celebrity.

vignette

a brief but powerful scene

A good vignette leaves you wanting more.

amalgam

simply a combination of two or more unlike things into one.

If your band plays a combination of country music and jazz, they play an amalgam of contemporary styles.

inundate

quickly fill up or overwhelm, just like a flood

Your bathroom could be inundated with water if the pipes burst, and hopefully your inbox is inundatedwith nice emails on your birthday.

multifarious

A person or thing with many sides or different qualities

The Internet has multifarious uses, museums are known for their multifarious art collections, and Hindu gods are associated with multifarious incarnations.

multiplicity

a lot of something, usually countable and varied

If you're skilled in juggling, tightrope walking, and lion taming, you could call yourself a circus performer with a multiplicity of talents.

alleviate

relieve, your pain; make easier

You can take medicine to alleviate symptoms or do exercise to alleviate stress.

cathartic

Whatever causes you to release a sudden flood of feelings is cathartic

A movie, play, or song that makes you cry is called cathartic.

palliative

That which is palliative relieves and soothes, but isn’t expected to cure.

A heating pack is a commonly employed palliative for temporarily reducing the pain of strained muscles.

docile

easily handled or managed

I did not like to play with Third Wife’s daughters, who were as docileand dull as their mother.

epitome

typical example of something

The cartoon character Garfield is the epitome of the fat, lazy, food-obsessed cat.

felicitous

something that's really pleasant ;


If someone behaves in a felicitousmanner, she's being agreeable and appropriate.

When you plan a trip to the amusement park and it turns out that the sun is shining, that’s felicitous.


OR


You know, the way you should behave when your great aunt offers you those stale candies.

belie

to contradict.

If you are 93 but look like you are 53, then your young looks belie your age.

debunk

prove it wrong

For over a century people have tried to debunk the notion of natural selection, but no one has succeeded.

dubious

something you have doubts about or you suspect is not true.

Jerry’s dubious claim that he could fly like
Superman didn’t win him any summer job offers.

duplicitous

pretending to have feelings that his actions contradict;


deliberately deceptive

Someone who is duplicitous can also be called "two-faced," a vivid way to remember that this person shouldn't be trusted or taken at face value.

fabricate

to make up in order to deceive

Fabio fabricated the story that he used to play drums
Fabio fabricated the story that he used to play drums
for Metallica; he has never actually held a drumstick
in his life.

fallacy

a false notion; misleading argument or belief based on a falsehood.

In poetry, the "pathetic fallacy" is the false idea that things like rocks or stars have human feelings

mendacious

one who tells lies habitually and intentionally

Don't get stuck at the water cooler or bus stop next to someone you consider mendacious!

specious

Use specious to describe an argument that seems to be good, correct, or logical, but is not so.

We live on the earth, therefore the earth must be the center of the universe has been proven to be a specious theory of the solar system.

apathetic

showing little or no emotion or animation

Maybe you feel apathetic because nothing around you stirs your interest, or maybe it’s because you need some coffee.

capricious

describe a person or thing that's impulsive and unpredictable

a bride who suddenly leaves her groom standing at the wedding altar. was a capricious act

equivocal

open to two or more interpretations and often
intended to mislead; ambiguous (antonym:
unequivocal)

The politician made so many equivocal statements
during the scandal that no one could be sure what, if
anything, he had admitted to.

erratic

unpredictable, unusual, and that deviate from the norm.

Erroll’s erratic behavior made it difficult for his
friends to predict what he would do in a given
moment.

impetus

force behind something

If you push a car that's out of gas, you're the impetus that's getting it moving.
OR
. Advertisers hope their commercials will be an impetus to buy the product.

sporadic

something that happens or appears often, but not constantly or regularly.

The mailman comes every day but the plumber visits are sporadic––he comes as needed.

vacillate

waver back and forth, unable to decide.

You might vacillatebetween ordering waffles and pancakes at your favorite diner — it’s hard to pick just one when both are so tasty!

whimsical

characterized by whim; unpredictable

whim

odd or fanciful idea, something kooky you suddenly decide to do

like dress up like a chicken or drive to Vegas.

flag

getting tired or losing your focus.

Stopping for a snack may help when your energy or attention begin to flag

clandestine

describe something that is done in secret

like yourclandestine attempts to steal your brother's Halloween candy.

subterfuge

tricky actions to hide, or get something.

f you want to surprise your mom with a sweatshirt, but don't know her size, it might take an act of subterfuge, like going through her closet, to find it out.

surreptitious

being secretive ; doing something that they don't want to be seen doing.

The members of the secret society hold surreptitious meetings because, well, they're a secret society


or


I was very surreptitious in how I organized the surprise party: she never knew!

modicum

a small amount of something

If you have a modicum of interest in something, you are a little bit interested.

paucity

not enough of something ; scarcity

squander
to spend extravagantly, thoughtlessly, or wastefully
synonym : prodigal
If you need to save for college, don't squander her income on nightly sushi dinners.

temperate

mild, moderate

If you're atemperate person, you are calm, reasonable.



If you live in a temperate climate it's warm and sunny, but not too hot.

tenuous

If something is tenuous it's thin, either literally or metaphorically

Tenuous arguments won't win any debate tournaments. Synonyms fortenuous, also used physically or metaphorically, are flimsy andshaky.

maverick

rebel, someone who shows a lot of independence

A maverick on a motorcycle might blaze his own trail, or show a maverick touch in a rough sport by wearing a helmet with the word "Mom" inside a heart.

mercenary

marked by materialism ; motivated solely by a desire for money or material
gain

Mercer is a mercenary lawyer; he’ll argue for
whichever side pays him the most for his services.

obstinate

beyond stubborn

"The obstinate Man does not hold Opinions, but they hold him,"

proliferate

it's growing, spreading or multiplying really quickly

funny YouTube videos proliferate on the internet;Other similar words include expand,reproduce, snowball, and spawn.

tenacity

persistent determination

Odds are, the people you admire have shown real tenacity in achieving their goals.

vigilant

on the alert; watchful

When taking the subway, bevigilant about your wallet––always know where it is, or someone might steal it from you.

extraneous

coming from or belonging to the outside ;


irrelevant; inessential

“the ballet struck me as extraneous and somewhat out of keeping with the rest of the play”

juxtapose

to place side by side, especially for comparison or
contrast

Separately the pictures look identical, but if you
juxtapose them, you can see the differences

novel

something is so new and original that it's never been seen, used or even thought of before

ompanies are always looking for that novel idea that will earn them millions

superfluous

extra; unnecessary

When something is so unnecessary that it could easily be done away with, like a fifth wheel on a car or a fifth person on a double date

synergy

working together to create something greater than either of you could do alone.

You write the lyrics and your friend composes the music. Separately each of you is pretty good, but together you’ve got a mega-hit song. That’s synergy

tangential

something that's not part of the whole ; only
superficially relevant

If you make a comment that istangential to the story you're telling, it's a digression. The story could still be understood without it.

digression

strayed from the main topic.

When your essay about French cooking starts describing a childhood trip to Disneyland, it's taken a digression

aural

pertaining to hearing

Some people learn well using their aural skills, which means they can hear something and remember it easily later.

cacophony

mishmash of unpleasant sounds, often at loud volume

It's what you'd hear if you gave instruments to a group of four-year olds and asked them to play one of Beethoven's symphonies.

dirge

song of mourning, performed as a memorial to someone who’s died

something mournful sounds like a dirge



As you might imagine, a dirge is usually quite sad. Another word with a similar meaning that you might know is “requiem.”

eclectic

made up of a variety of sources or styles

She listens to hip-hop, Gregorian chant, and folk music from the '60s. He's been seen wearing a handmade tuxedo jacket over a thrift-store flannel shirt. They both haveeclectic tastes.

incongruous

inconsistent or incompatible with something else

My chicken and jello soup experiment failed; the
tastes were just too incongruous.

sonorous

describe sound or speech that is full, rich, and deep

My father’s sonorous snoring keeps me up all night
unless I close my door and wear earplugs.

strident

unpleasantly loud and harsh

If you're angry at your brother, you might come striding into his room and begin making a strident case for why he has done you wrong.

striding

walking quickly with a wide step

If you're angry at your brother, you might come striding into his room and begin making a strident case for why he has done you wrong.

debacle

violent disaster or a great failure ; fiasco

If the flower gardens come toppling down during prom, strangling some students and tripping others, you might call the evening a debacle.

tumultuous

"disruptive," "troubled," "disorderly," or "turbulent."

you might steer your boat into a safe harbor before a heavy storm, so the tumultuous waves won't sweep you onto the rocks.

anachronistic

old-fashioned and maybe a little out of place

clunky black rotary-dial telephone sitting on a desk beside a sleek new smart-phone (or whatever the new technology when you read this).

archaic

something outmoded, belonging to an earlier period

Rotary phones and cassette players already seem so archaic!

ephemeral

short-lived

The importance of SAT scores is truly ephemeral;
when you are applying, they are crucial, but once
you get into college, no one cares how well you did.

dilatory

habitually late

Always waiting until the last moment to leave home
in the morning, Dylan was a dilatory student.

redolent

fragrant; aromatic; suggestive

When something is redolent of something, it makes you think of that thing by making a pretty strong impression on you. He had a shifty eye redolent of years of lying and petty crime.

temporal

limited by time

Our time on earth is temporal.

onerous

very difficult to deal with or do.

If one teacher gives you three hours of homework a night, that's rough. But if all of your teachers do it, that makes the task of completing your homework an onerous one, to say the least.

portent


a sign of something about to happen ; omen

While you might love crows, your father will shudder when he sees them if he superstitiously believes they're a portent — a sign or warning — of death.

prescience

the power to foresee the future

Preetha’s prescience was such that people wondered
if she was psychic; how else could she know so
much about the future?

austere

describe something or someone stern or without any decoration

You wouldn't want someone to describe you or your home as austere.

stern

"strict" or "severe."

You know when you've done something really wrong, and the person who gets you in trouble has that unforgiving look on his face? The best word for that look is stern

banal

boring and unoriginal

Banal things are dull as dishwater.

trite

silly or overused

A love song with lyrics about holding hands in the sunshine? Totally trite.

hackneyed

overused and trite

Roses are red, violets are..." — enough already?! That's hackneyed stuff.

insipid

lacking in flavor or interest

You'll probably find the generic poems inside of greeting cards insipid.

generic

refers to the members of a whole class of things

A generic fan looks and acts just like dozens of other fans — it doesn't spin backwards or send out sparks.

prosaic

ordinary or dull

Most of us lead a prosaic everyday life, sometimes interrupted by some drama or crisis.

soporific

sleep-inducing

Certain medicines, but also extreme coziness, can have a soporific effect.

brevity

shortness or conciseness

Brevity = briefness. (You can’t get any shorter than
that!)

expedient

appropriate to a purpose; practical ; serving to promote your interest ; convenient, speedy

It was more expedient to use Federal Express than
to use the post office.

transient

lasting a very short time

(noun) a person who moves from place to place; a homeless person

Were not the gods forms created like me and you, mortal, transient?

augment

make better, enlarge or increase, grow

Maybe your bike isn't getting around very well on hills: the bike needs to be augmented with a better set of tires.

bolster

offer support or strengthen.

When you cheer up a friend who's feeling down, you bolster them.

burgeon

describe something that is growing, expanding, and flourishing

You may have a burgeoning career as a villain if you overthrow a planet by using your mind-controlling ray gun on the populace.

copious

large in number or quantity

If you take copiousnotes, you'll do well when it comes time for review sessions — unless you can't read your own handwriting.

distend

cause to expand as it by internal pressure as when
overly full; become wider

The balloon distended as it was filled with helium,
much like Mike’s stomach after he ate an entire
turkey on Thanksgiving.

grandiose

unnecessarily overblown and even highfalutin; grand

You've got big plans. Huge plans. Whatever it is, it's going to blow minds and absolutely rock worlds! Well, to some people those plans might sound a bit grandiose

prodigious

so great in size or force or extent as to elicit awe

A little drizzle isn't a prodigious rain, but a storm that floods a whole city certainly is.

profundity

thoughtful, deep, and wise

profundity of the silence in the room following the announcement of bad news

redouble

to intensify it or make it bigger

After losing your initial run for school president, you might redoubleyour efforts the next year, with a bigger and better campaign.

scintillating

brilliant

The writer’s scintillating narrative diverted Izabel’s
attention away from her other guests.

averse

strongly opposed

my father is averse to people smoking cigarettes in the house, but he would not be averse to your smoking a cigar.

conspicuous

easy to notice; obvious (antonym: inconspicuous)

zit in the center of your friend's forehead

demure

modest, reserved, or shy person

A demure outfit is a modest one––think high neckline and low hem.

demur

to show reluctance or to hesitate

If your mother asks you to clean your room and you refuse, you demur.

diffidence

lack of self-confidence

Your diffidence might be the reason why you never say "hi" to the cute guy or gal in the elevator or why you never ask for a raise.

placid

not easily irritated

Lake Placid is characteristic of being placid, its calm and undisturbed.

quiescent

being quiet and still

Quinn’s quiescent behavior made him an ideal
roommate.

concord

agreement (antonym: discord)

If you want to watch a romantic comedy and your date wants to watch a horror film, you might compromise and come to a concord by agreeing to watch an action comedy.

concur

to agree or approve of something

The board concurred that the con artist who had
stolen their money had to be convicted.

dogmatic

arrogant attitudes based on unproved theories

If you dogmatically assert that the moon is made of green cheese, you'll just get laughed at.

fastidious

giving careful attention to detail; hard to please; excessively concerned with cleanliness

If you want to describe a person who insists on perfection or pays much attention to food, clothing and cleanliness, the right word is fastidious.

intransigence

stubborn refusal to change your views

If you refuse to compromise with your sister about whose turn it is to do the dishes, your mother might accuse you both ofintransigence.

jocular

characterized by jokes and good humor

Class clowns can't stop being jocular, though the teacher might just see them as obnoxious

obnoxious

annoying and unpleasant.

Driving like a maniac is obnoxious. If the teacher comes in and finds students jumping up and down and throwing books, she might say, "Stop being so obnoxious!"

affable

friendly, pleasant, and easy to talk to

An affable host offers you something to drink and makes you feel at home.

alacrity

liveliness and eagerness

Someone with alacrity shows cheerful willingness and eager behavior, like a kid whose mother has told him he can buy anything in a candy store.

amiable

friendly, pleasant person

Airline flight attendants tend to be amiable. The people monitoring the school's cafeteria? Maybe not.

benign

gentle, kind, mild, or unharmful

a benign soul wouldn't hurt a fly.

sanguine

you're optimistic that everything's going to work out fine.

Harold’s sanguine temperament kept him cheerful,
even through somber times.

belligerent

eager to fight

It's a good idea to avoid hardcore hockey fans after their team loses — they tend to be belligerent.

cantankerous

stubbornly obstructive and unwilling to cooperate

Take care not to throw your ball into the yard of the cantankerous old man down the street — he'll cuss you out and keep your ball.

contentious

quarrelsome

Contentious issues get people angry and in a fighting mood. On the other hand, some people always seem to be in a fighting mood, no matter what the issue is. People like that are contentious too.

deleterious

harmful to living things

Smoking has obviousdeleterious effects on your health, not to mention your social life.

exacerbate

formal-sounding verb that means to make worse

If you're in trouble, complaining about it will onlyexacerbate the problem.

flippant

casual to the point of sarcasm and disrespect ; inappropriate

When a parent scolds a teenager for missing a curfew or blowing off a test and the teen snaps back, "Whatever," you could say the teen is being flippant.

insolent

marked by casual disrespect ; impudent

That student in your class who is constantly snubbing the teacher, snorting when he gives assignments, and rolling her eyes when he reads passages aloud from your vocabulary textbook? Insolent, definitely insolent.

nefarious

extremely wicked

Batman and Superman are always fighting evildoers and stopping their nefarious plots.

pernicious

harmful and subtle ;noxious

You might have heard your parents and teachers talk about the pernicious effects of watching too much TV and playing video games all day––they'll turn your brain to mush.

rancorous

showing deep-seated resentment

attitude of your cousin who still won't speak to you after the April Fool's Day prank you played four years ago is described as rancorous

repugnant

offensive to the mind

like the idea of marrying your sister.

supercilious

think very highly of themselves, more highly than of others.

Think of them as a "super silly ass," and you'll remember the basic sense ofsupercilious.

arboreal

relating to or resembling a tree or trees

The Rocky Mountain National Forest will celebrate
its arboreal splendor with an Arbor Day concert.

splendor

magnificent or grand

If your prom was held in a luxurious ballroom, with elegant decor, you might note the splendor of the setting.

invocation (n)

the act of appealing for help

such as a prayer for serenity or a plea to the rain gods during a drought.

stratify

divide into layers or classes.

Announcing pay raises for only half of the employees in a company would be a quick way to stratify the office.

variegated

having a variety of colors

he scales of a fish can appear quite variegated from one angle and then strangely uniform from another.

verdant

green with vegetation

The garden was verdant after the rain.

catastrophe

a sudden violent change in the earth's surface

A hurricane destroying hundreds of homes is certainly a catastrophe; baking a birthday cake without following a recipe might also result in catastrophe, if you don't know anything about cooking.

thwarted

disappointingly unsuccessful

a thwarted team that isn't going to win the championship; another team has surpassed them. If you give up on your dream of becoming a veterinarian, instead of feeling thwarted, you should put your energy into finding a different career that will be better for you.

acuity

sharpness and smartness

Do you always get A's in math? Then you have an acuity for numbers.

REVERENT

feeling or showing profound respect or veneration , RESPECTFUL

People are occasionallyreverent in regard to antique cars, supermodels, spelling bee champions and giant TV screens.

hostile

unfriendly, belligerent

seminal

containing seeds of later development

Even though Traf-O-Data wasn’t a roaring success, it was seminal in preparing us to make Microsoft’s first product a couple of years later’

philanthropist

person who gives money or gifts to charities, or helps needy people in other ways.

synonym : altruist

Famous examples include Andrew Carnegie and Bill & Melinda Gates.

manifest

evident, obvious

You might manifest your dislike of school food by stirring it around into a big pile of slop on your tray.

benefactor

a person who helps people or institutions (especially with financial help)

Every school, museum, and struggling artist is in search for a generous benefactor, or someone to provide the financial means to keep everything running smoothly.

emulate

When you emulate someone, you imitate them, especially with the idea of matching their success.

we only call heroes those whom we admire and wish to emulate

cynical

believing the worst of human nature and motives ; MISANTHROPIC

if you think public officials are nothing but a bunch of greedy buffoons, you have acynical attitude about politics.

deplorable

describe something extremely bad or unfortunate, wretched

like the deplorable destruction and loss of life in Japan after the earthquake and tsunami.

chronic

being long-lasting and recurrent or characterized by long suffering ; habitual

If you smoke a cigarette once, you've simply made a bad choice. But if you're a chronicsmoker, you've been smoking for a long time and will have a hard time stopping.

acute

sharp or extremely serious.

Lee felt an acute spasm of real anger.

deploring

express strong disapproval of something

If you really, really hate the way your mom makes meatloaf, then it's safe to say you deplore it.

shwadenfreude

delight in another person's misfortune

If you're fired from your difficult job, no one can blame you for a bit of Schadenfreude as you watch your replacement struggle with your old tasks.

scorn

disrespect for someone or something

You might scorn a politician who spends $100,000 on travel while claiming to work hard promoting middle-class values.

maudlin

effusively or insincerely emotional

Tearjerkers like "Forrest Gump" and "Titanic" can be described asmaudlin.

grotesque

very strange and ugly in an unnatural way

If something "grosses you out," you can safely refer to it as grotesque.

decent

sufficient or acceptable.

The local diner you like to frequent may not serve a four-star breakfast, but it probably has decent food.

treacherous

dangerously unstable and unpredictable

A treacherous road might be icy or otherwise likely to cause a car accident. Atreacherous friend will betray you.

inquisitive

love to inquire; you’re always asking questions. ; curiosity,

Don’t become a private detective if you don’t have an inquisitive personality.

speculative

describes very risky and unproven ideas or chances.

You might have great ideas about starting your own business but your plans are speculative until you earn money from them.

endeavor

attempt by employing effort

The ordinary objects of human endeavor — property, outward success, luxury — have always seemed to me contemptible," wrote Albert Einstein..


or



i endeavor to get 2400 on SAT

materialistic

obsessively focused on money, or cares deeply about owning luxury goods ; mercenary, worldly-minded

RETICENCE

kind of reserve, wanting to avoid communication and not wanting to offer any more information than is necessary.

Someone charged with a crime might be instructed by their lawyer to show reticence when being questioned by police.

reckon

expect, believe, or suppose

"Who do you reckon is going to win the Super Bowl?"