Sartre Being And Nothingness

Front 1

Structure of Shame

Back 1

1) Non-positional self-consciousness, conscious of itself as shame.
2) Structure is intentional: "a shameful apprehension of something and that something is me"

Front 2

Why is shame not reflective?

Back 2

1) It requires the presence of another.
2) Presence of another, even as a catalyst, is incompatible with the reflective attitude.

Front 3

What is shame, according to Sartre?

Back 3

1) It is by nature recognition:
To recognize that I am as the Other sees me
2) Shame is shame of oneself before the Other

Front 4

Absolute Freedom vs. Concrete Freedom

Back 4

Absolute Freedom:
--Doesn't depend on others
--All or nothing
--Could go out of existence
---------------------------------------------
Concrete Freedom:
--Depends on others
--Comes in degrees
--Choosing from a number of attractive alternatives.

Front 5

How is passion different from reaction of feeling?

Back 5

It is rooted in freedom
--e.g.: freely don't like someone, therefore you become angry when you see them.

Front 6

How is freedom related to action?

Back 6

1) Freedom and action are two sides of the same thing.
2) Freedom implies a commitment to an action (that would realize the value) when the situation arises.
(Freedom here is concrete freedom)

Front 7

Why did Sartre advocate socialist restraints?

Back 7

He believed they create more freedom overall.
We need to take away freedom in order to increase overall freedom.

Front 8

What is a coward?

Back 8

1) One who freely chooses not to face up to the freedom they have.

Front 9

What is a bastard?

Back 9

1) One who wants to show that people are not free.
2) Tries to take away the freedom of others.

Front 10

What makes things "right?"

Back 10

Whether or not they were done in the name of freedom.

Front 11

What are the 3 parts to "abandonment?"

Back 11

1) Passion (all people are passionate)
2) God (people consider the possibility of God)
3) Code/system (people obey certain codes and rules)

Front 12

What does Sartre feel about "passion?"

Back 12

1) Doesn't believe in the power of passion.
2) Can't blame passion for one's actions
--People are always governed by freedom, shd be working for freedom

Front 13

What does Sartre feel about God?

Back 13

1) No sufficient reason to believe in God
2) People have to rely on the claim that the Bible/tradition is God's word, or that it gives authority over them.

Front 14

Codes

Back 14

1) Different ways of being moral
2) People have a value system that is consistent.

Front 15

Two aspects of human reality

Back 15

1) Factity:
Given properties/characteristics

2) Transcendence:
Freedom not to be locked into the present moment
Object "out there."

Front 16

Being-in-Itself vs. Being-for-Itself

Back 16

Being-in-Itself
--Things/bodies

Being-for-Itself
--Thoughts right before your mind.
--For consciousness

Front 17

What is ontology?

Back 17

--Study of things that are.

Front 18

What is intra-mundane?

Back 18

--Feeling of lacking
--Being "separated"

Front 19

What are negatites?

Back 19

--Something missing from human experience
--Freedom is the source of negatites

Front 20

Difference between fear and anguish

Back 20

Fear is the unreflective apprehension of the transcendent

Anguish is the reflective apprehension of the self.

Front 21

What is the origin of negation?

Back 21

--How we become aware of negative things.

Front 22

Exigency

Back 22

--Something you have to do
e.g: doors and hands have exigency (automatically go together).

Front 23

What is psychological determinism?

Back 23

1) Scientific theory supported by B.F. Skinner and Freud
2) Urge to live/survive makes us do what we do
--Provides us with a "nature"

Front 24

What does Sartre think of psychological determinism

Back 24

--Calls it the basis of all attitudes of excuse.
--Reintroduces the positivity of being-in-itself by reducing us to never being anything but what we are
--Form of "reflective flight"

Front 25

What is the profound self?

Back 25

--A spiritual layer determined in a non-scientific way.

Front 26

What is self-deception?

Back 26

1) Knowing something and using that knowledge to hide something from yourself
2) Must be aware of freedom in order to flee from it
3) Must think of it constantly in order to take care not to think of it

Front 27

What is Deception/Lying?

Back 27

1) Trying to get someone to believe something other than what you believe to be true
(Not to be confused with self-deception)

Front 28

What is required in order to deceive someone?

What happens in self-deception?

Back 28

1) Person X does not know the situation.
2) I know the situation
I (the deceiver) take advantage of this to carry out the deception.
-------------------
With self-deception, I am X.
-The duality of the deceived and the deceiver does not exist.

Front 29

What does Sartre think of Freud?

Back 29

Believes he is wrong.
--There are no multiple selves.
--Sartre believes in the singularity/simplicity of the self
--People have *aspects* not parts.

Front 30

What is the Freud detour?

Back 30

The self is split into parts: the Ego, Id, and Superego.
Id = irrational
Ego = mediator
Superego = perfectionist/ideal

Front 31

What happens in the example of the woman on a date?
How was she deceiving herself?

Back 31

1) She refused to see the truth behind her partner's actions.
2) She withdrew herself from her body
----
1) She reduced her companion's actions to being only what they were (existing in the mode of in-itself)
2) Enjoys his desire only insofar as she understands it not to be what it is.
3) While sensing the presence of her own body, she realizes herself as not being her own body (contemplates it "from above")

Front 32

Importance of Waiter example.

Back 32

1) Waiter is only a waiter only insofar as he chooses to affirm his waiterhood
2) Waiter isn't something that simply "is"
--He is playing the role of a waiter
--He isn't a perfect organism.
--We pretend there is a role that absolute beings have to play

Front 33

Importance of the Homo example.
How was he in "bad faith?"

Back 33

--Rejects the thesis that his physical activities were inevitable
--Not his "destiny"
--Refuses to consider himself a pederast. Simply has a conception of the beautiful which women couldn't satisfy.
-----------
He refused to draw the proper conclusions from his actions

Front 34

Champion of sincerity

Back 34

--Worst of all people
--Tries to get someone to wipe out/deny their freedom

Front 35

What is the goal of bad faith?

Back 35

--To put oneself out of reach;
It is an escape

Front 36

Shame vs. Regret

Back 36

Shame
--Think about how you look from perspective other than your own.
Regret
--Comes from how you view yourself

Front 37

Nihilation

Back 37

Going beyond

Front 38

Temporalize

Back 38

-Coming up with a project concerning what you're going to do

Front 39

What is "fixed by the other"

Back 39

--Frozen
--Realize there are certain things beyond our control
--Others can look at you however they want.

Front 40

Nietzsche's view of romance

Back 40

Romance is a joke
Each is trying to overcome the other (will to power)

Front 41

Sartre's view of religious ceremonies

Back 41

--Intensify shame of being looked at (God is all-seeing)
--Aim of trying to bring God physically into our presence (makes him more "real")
--Results in more shame

Front 42

Doctrine of Original Fall

Back 42

--Sense of a fallen being
Original = philosophically original (a part of you)
Fallenness = about having an "outside"
Outside = Others can see you; a part that is not of your own foundation

Front 43

Sartre's view of human beings

Back 43

--Persons are special
--Can't be explained easily
--Have a high spiritual goal
--Individuality/freedom exists
--No supernatural goal they will achieve in life
--Beings obsessed with shame

Front 44

Sacred Factity

Back 44

--Facts that just are (characteristics)
--Regard your factity as ideal

Front 45

How is love deception?

Back 45

1) Love is an impossible/out of reach ideal
The more I am loved, the more I lose my being
2) The other's awakening is always possible. At any moment, your partner may make you appear as an object.

Front 46

What is masochism?
What is its goal?

Back 46

1) Seeking to be the object of abuse
2) Connects deeply with fundamental paths of human experience
Goal:
1) Capture a consciousness
2) Trying to get someone to look at you in a certain way

Front 47

Worst thing about Masochism?

Back 47

1) It is a complete failure
Can't really capture someone's consciousness.
The person senses that the harder they try the less "genuine/real" it seems.

Front 48

What is feigned indifference?

Back 48

1) Pretending that persons around you aren't really persons
2) Pretending as if others have no free consciousness at all

Front 49

What is a Caress?

Back 49

--A double-reciprocal incarnation (two people simultaneously interacting with one another).
--Each person touches the other and the other person is not threatened by it.
--Each is at ease with their own body.

Front 50

How humans are different from other organisms

Back 50

Humans have freedom of consciousness
We are free beings

Front 51

Pleasure and the Caress

Back 51

--Pleasure interferes with the caress
--Become distracted by the desire to get more pleasure

Front 52

Sadism

Back 52

1) Going out of the way to cause pain
2) Afraid of the incarnation process
3) Want the other person to view you in a certain way (that you are the cause of their immediate pain)
4) Identify with their body in such a way that they avoid incarnation
5) Extreme reaction to worries of normal reincarnation

Front 53

Sadism's failure

Back 53

Failure:
The goal of sadism collapses
--The pain is achieved through instruments (body of the torturing --For-Itself is no longer anything more than an instrument for giving pain.