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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Georgia's SARSPEC based on?
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NASAR's search and rescue training
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Definition of search:
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Search is to identify and locate persons who are or may become distressed or injured and are unable to return to a place of safety.
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Definition of rescue:
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Rescue is to access, stabilize, and evacuate distressed or injured persons, by whatever means necessary, to ensure their timely transfer to an appropriate care facility or to a familiar environment.
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LAST stands for:
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Locate
Access Stabilize Transport |
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SAFE stands for:
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Strength
Agility Flexibility Endurance These are attributes of physical fitness |
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PHACKS stands for:
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Proficient
Humble Able Competent Knowledgeable Solicitous (means to express care or concern) |
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What are the 6 components of SAR operations:
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Preplanning
Notification Planning/Strategy Tactics/Operations Suspension Critique |
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What is the difference between strategy and tactics?
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Tactic - an action used to achieve an objective
Strategy - the overall plan or series of actions |
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Why would you suspend SAR operations?
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Lack of clues
Expenditure of all SAR resources External influences Financial resources needed |
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What is the AFRCC?
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Air Force Rescue Coordination Center. The single agency for coordinating inland federal SAR activities.
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Who is responsible for providing search information for missing and downed aircraft?
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FAA
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What is the name of US Air Force's auxillary?
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Civil Air Patrol (CAP)
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What are CAP's 3 mandated missions?
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Aerospace education
Cadet program Emergency services (remember ACE) |
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Who is responsible for all search and rescue on any US navigable body of water?
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US Coast Guard
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What are six traits of a SAR responder?
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Professional
Prepared Competent Focused Trained Caring |
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What does NIMS stand for?
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National Incident Management System
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What are four characteristics of incident commanding?
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Must be organizationally flexible
Efficient to use on day to day basis Use common terminology Cost effective |
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What are the five functional areas of incident command system?
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Command
Operations Planning Logistics Finance/Administration |
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The Command Staff includes, besides the incident commander:
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Safety Officer
Liaison Officer Information Officer |
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What is a staging area?
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Location where resources are kept while awaiting incident assignment
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What is the difference between a helibase and a helispot?
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A helibase is a full fueling and maintenance base.
A helispot is a temporary location where a helicopter can load and offload. |
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What is "Unity of Command?"
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The idea that every person reports to only one supervisor above them. Do not confuse with Unified Command.
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How many subordinates (span of control) is considered ideal in ICS? What number is the optimum?
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3-7, with 5 is the optimum
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What are the three types of SAR resources?
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1 - Human and Animal resources
2 - Information resources 3 - Equipment and Technology resources |
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What do search management teams do?
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Search management teams analyze the resources needs based on the incident objectives and various tactics required by these strategies.
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What do interviewers and investigators do?
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They are necessary to develop a missing subject profile. Multiple interviews are usually necessary.
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What are the three areas of specialty in water rescue?
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1 - Tidal
2 - Swift 3 - Lakes |
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What do air scent canines detect?
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The scent of human skin cells as they float through the air.
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What do tracking canines follow?
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A specific scent matching that of a scent generator (piece of clothing, an item)
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What are advantages and disadvantages of equestrian (horse) search and rescue teams?
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They have a higher up search platform/view and can move quicker than on foot. However, horses cause destruction in the area it searches and may damage clues.
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Who offers the Medic Alert and Safe Return program?
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Alzheimer's Association. Provides support for searches for Alzheimer's patients.
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What is the name of a response team that provides rapid, on site assistance to law enforcement and families in case of missing, abducted or exploited children?
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Team Adam. Sponsored by National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Members are retired law enforcement professionals.
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Who established a national clearinghouse for missing adults, and helps assist families and law enforcement to locate missing adults?
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National Center for Missing Adults
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What does CISM stand for? What do CISM teams do?
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Critical Incident Stress Management. Help debrief and support responders who have dealt with an emotionally disturbing event or events.
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What does CERT stand for?
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Community Emergency Response Team
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You and a friend are responding to a search operation. As you are traveling together, and your team leader is aware of this, is it okay for only your friend to sign in and out at check-in?
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No. It is very important for all searchers to sign in and out. A team leader may sign in for his group, but he/she is responsible for all searchers accountability.
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What is Search Theory?
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The idea that most people do not view search activities as an emergency until a significant amount of time has passed. Waiting to begin search allows subject more time to make movements and increase search area required. Chance of a successful search is decreased.
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What is Theoretical Search Area?
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The distance that the subject could have traveled in the time elapsed.
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Search philosophy contains what seven "Search Crucials?"
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1 - Search is an emergency
2 - Maximize probability of success in the minimum amount of time with the right resources 3 - Search is a classical mystery 4 - Search for clues and the subject 5 - Focus on aspects important for success 6 - Know if the subject leaves the search area 7 - Use Tight Grid Search as a last resort. |
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What is Search Theory's equation?
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POS = POA x POD
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What does POA stand for?
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POA - Probability of Area
Probability of the subject or clue being in a search area. Is a percentage. |
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What does POD stand for?
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POD - Probability of Detection
Probability of a search object/subject being detected assuming it is in the segment being searched. |
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What does POS stand for?
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Probability of Success. This is what planners and first arriving searchers should focus on.
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LKP stands for?
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Last Known Place. The last place the subject is verifiably known to have been.
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PLS stands for?
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Point Last Seen. Location at which someone can confirm the subject was visually identified.
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What is the IPP?
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Initial Planning Point. Usually located at the LKP or PLS
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What is a clue?
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Objects or facts that may help solve a mystery.
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What is a sign?
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Any evidence of change from a NATURAL STATE - change in environment by passage of a person or animal.
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What is a LPQ?
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Lost Person Questionnaire. It is a multiple page form containing questions that will help obtain information on the lost or missing person.
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What details does the LPQ provide? How does this help searchers?
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Age, gender, clothing, equipment, outdoor skills, weather conditions, medical condition, PLS, LKP. Helps managers have better insight on what clues may be found.
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What are four general clue categories?
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1 - Physical
2 - Recorded 3 - Testimonial 4 - Analytical |
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Physical clues include?
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Sign or track left on environment, gum/candy wrappers, articles or belongings...
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Recorded clues include?
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Trail registers, summit logs, itinerary, suicide note...
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Testimonial clues include?
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Clues gathered through interviews and investigation of people. PLS is a testimonial clue.
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Analytical clues are broken into two types. What are they?
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1 - Sensory - hearing someone or smelling smoke
2 - Probable - items found that could easily be corroborated to the lost subject |
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What things can destroy clues?
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Humans
Animals Wind Rain Frost/Ice/Snow Heat |
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What are two types of search tactics?
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Indirect
Direct |
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Indirect tactics include:
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1 - Confinement/Containment
2 - Investigation - LPQ form 3 - Attraction - calling subject's attention to searchers |
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What are 1) visual and 2) sound methods of Attraction
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1 - Lights, aircraft, strobes, fires, beacons, smoke
2 - Horns, voices, gunshots, PA system, sirens and whistles |
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What are four direct tactics?
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1 - Hasty search
2 - Trail running 3 - Human trackers 4 - Trailing dogs |
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When an initial call is made for a missing person, what form is the major priority to fill out?
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Search Urgency Form
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What categories are in the Search Urgency Form?
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Age
Medical Condition Number of Subjects Subject Experience Profile Weather Profile Equipement Profile Terrain/Hazards |
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The search urgency form gives you a numeric value depending on answer and helps justify resources. Is a higher or lower number equal to greater risk?
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LOWER number equals GREATER risk.
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What is a General Briefing?
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Includes major aspects of search mission, incident action plan and incident objectives. Also safety briefing. Conducted by planning section chief if one is appointed.
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What is a Tactical Briefing?
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Given by your crew chief or operation section chief. It is a briefing based on your specific task.
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If your crew leader signed you in to an incident, is it acceptable to sign out individually?
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Generally no. You should sign in the way you sign out.
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Subject profile is used to provide two categories of data: Planning Data and Search Data. What are definitions of each?
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Planning data: used to develop a s strategy for finding the subject.
Search data: Information that searchers entering the search areas must be made aware of in order for them to locate as many clues as possible. |
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What are five factors that effect lost person behavior?
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Personality
Outdoor experience Terrain/Vegetation Weather Physiological effects |
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How may terrain/vegetation effect how a subject travels?
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Natural boundaries may guide or channel the subject into natural catchments.
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Regardless of subjects age, gender or experience, when a subject first realizes they are truly lost what are the first emotions they experience?
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Anxiety and Fear
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