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267 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the general modality for nerve classification includes...
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all spinal nerves
some cranial nerves |
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the special modality includes...
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only cranial nerves
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2 types of special afferent (sensory)
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SSA-sight and sound
SVA-smell and taste |
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type of special efferent (motor)....now classified under...
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SVE-muscles of brachial origin
GSE-includes all skeletal muscle |
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special somatic includes
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sight
sounds |
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special visceral includes
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smell and taste
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another term for autonomic n.s.
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GVE
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special refers to....
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cranial nerves only
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SSA is stimulated by changes in the......
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external environment
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SSA detects
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CN 2-vision (light to the eye)
VCN 8-sound (air waves to the inner ear) |
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special visceral afferent (SVA) is stimulated by changes in the....
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internal environment
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SVA detects.....in which areas?
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taste (CN 7,9,10)-in the tongue
olfaction (CN 1)-caudal nasal mucosa |
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T/F: different areas of the tongue are innervated by different nerves
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T-7, 9, 10
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detection of change in the position of the head, neck, trunk, and limbs
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proprioception
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General Proprioception receptor organs are...
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muscles
tendons joints |
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GP fibers are present in...
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all spinal nerves and CN 5
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GP receptors are sensitive to...
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changes in lengths and position of the structures they innervate
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Special Proprioception (SP) receptors are specialized to...
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postions and movements of the head
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SP fibers are located in....
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the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear
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SP nerve is...
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vestibular division of CN 7
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GP fibers are present in...
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all spinal nerves and CN 5
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GP receptors are sensitive to...
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changes in lengths and position of the structures they innervate
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Special Proprioception (SP) receptors are specialized to...
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postions and movements of the head
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SP fibers are located in....
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the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear
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SP nerve is...
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vestibular division of CN 8
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describe the 2 parts of CN 8
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vistubular part-propiroception
cochlear part-hearing |
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The maxillary nerve courses though...
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the round foramen and then the rostral alar foramen
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maxillary n. provides sensory to...
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inferior palpebra
nasal mucosa upper teeth upper lip nose |
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distal brs. of maxillary n. carry.....that innervate....
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postganglionic parasympathetic axons that innervate the lacrimal, nasal, and palatine glands
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3 major maxillary n. brs.
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zygomatic n.
pterygopalatine n. infraorbital n. |
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2 brs. of the zygomatic n. (br. of maxillary n.)
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zygomaticotemporal n.
zygomaticofacial n. |
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zygomaticotemporal n. provides sensory to...
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lateral superior palpebra
skin over the temporalis m. to the dorsal midline |
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zygomaticofacial n. provides sensory to...
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inferior palpabra
skin overlying the zygomatic arch |
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where should you find the zygomatic n. brs.?
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on the periorbita, course over the dorsal oblique m.
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pterygopalatine n. brs.
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minor palatine n.
major palatine n. caudal nasal n. |
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minor palatine n. function to soft palate
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sensory
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major palatine n. course through which foramina?
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caudal palatine and major palatine foramina
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major palatine n. function
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sensory to mucosa of the hard palate
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caudal nasal n. courses through the..
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sphenopalatine foramin
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caudal nasal n. function
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sensory to the nasal mucosa surrounding the ventral nasal meatus
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infraorbital n. brs.
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caudal superior alveolar brs
middle superior alveolar brs rostral superior alveolar brs |
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caudal superior alveolar brs function
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sensory to the caudal maxillary cheek teeth
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middle superior alveolar brs function
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sensory to the maxillary cheek teeth
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rostral superior alveolar brs function
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sensory to the upper canine and incisor teeth
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which infraorbital n. br arises before entering the infrorbital canal?
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caudal superior alveolar brs
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which infraorbital n. brs. innervate while still within the infraorbital canal?
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middle superior alveolar brs
rostral superior alveolar brs |
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which infraorbital n. brs. innervate after it comes out of the infraorbital foramen?
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infraorbital brs. (very large)
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what do the infraorbital n, brs. supply once they arise from the infrorbital foramen?
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sensory innervation to the skin of the upper lip
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maxillary n. dysfunction
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lack of sensation from innervated areas
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maxillary n. dysfunction test
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traction on one of the tactile sinus hairs results in reflex facial twitching
foreign object directed into the nasal vestibule results in reflex sneezing |
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the mandibular n. courses through which foramen?
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oval foramen
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mandibular n. function
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sensory to the:
buccal cavity rostral 2/3 of the tongue inferior teeth lower lip chin intermandibular area lateral side of the face rostral aspect of the ear motor to: muscles of mastication mylohyiodeus m. tensor tympani m. tensor veli palatini m. |
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mandibular n. sensory brs.
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buccal n.
lingual n. inferior (mandibular) alveolar n. auriculotemporal n. |
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buccal n. provides sensory to..
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buccal mucosa
skin of cheek |
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lingual n. provides sensory to..
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rostral 2/3 of tongue (not taste)
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the mandibular n. courses through which foramen?
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oval foramen
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mandibular n. function
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sensory to the:
buccal cavity rostral 2/3 of the tongue inferior teeth lower lip chin intermandibular area lateral side of the face rostral aspect of the ear motor to: muscles of mastication mylohyiodeus m. tensor tympani m. tensor veli palatini m. |
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mandibular n. sensory brs.
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buccal n.
lingual n. inferior (mandibular) alveolar n. auriculotemporal n. |
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buccal n. provides sensory to..
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buccal mucosa
skin of cheek |
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lingual n. provides sensory to..
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rostral 2/3 of tongue (not taste)
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T/F: chorda tympani of facial n. joins lingual n. and carries sensory fibers for taste to same region of tongue
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T
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which n. enters the mandibular foramen and then the mandibular canal
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inferior (mandibular) alveolar n.
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what gives rise to caudal, middle, rostral alveolar nn. that supply sensory innervation to the inferior teeth
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inferior (mandibular) alveolar n.
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which n. gives rise to mental nn. and where do they run?
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inferior (mandibular) alveolar n.
course through the mental foramina to the lower lip and rostral mandibular area |
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which n. gives off rostral auricular brs. and brs. to the tympanic membrane
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auriculotemporal n. (br. of mandibular n.)
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the rostral auricular brs. (br. of of auricolotemporal n.) supply sensory to..
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skin of the external ear and lateral face
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transverse facial br.comes off of... and supplies..
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auriculotemporal n.
supplies sensory to the lateral side of the face and tactile hairs of the cheek |
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T/F: the auriculotemporal n. has brs. that go to the tympanic membrane and adjacent external ear canal
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T
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the mandibular n. motor brs. innervate...
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muscles of mastication
pterygoid m. temporalis m. masseter m. tensor tympani m. tensor veli palatini m |
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the mandibular n. br. that supplies motor to the rostral belly of digastricus m. , mylohyoid m., and sensory to the lower lip and cheek and intermandibular area
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mylohyoid n.
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mylohyoid n. (br. of mandibular n.) functions
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motor to:
rostral belly of digastricus m. mylohyoid m. sensory to: lower lip and cheek intermandibular area |
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T/F: mylohyoid n. is mixed
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T
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mandibular nerve dysfuction
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atrophy of masticatory muscles
lack of sensation from innervated areas |
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how to test mandibular n.
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open the mouth to test for muscular tone
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abducens n. courses through.....to reach..innervates...
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orbital fissure to reach extrinsic ocular skeletal mm. (innervates lateral rectus and retractor bulbi mm.)
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abducens n. dysfunction
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medial stabismus (due to pull of medial rectus)
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n. that exits the stylomastoid foramen
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facial n.
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origin of sympathetic preganglionic fibers
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T1-T3
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sympathetic cell bodies are located in which area of the spinal cord?
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thoracolumbar area
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the sympathetic fibers that course within the vagosympathetic trunk are called...
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the cervical sympathetic trunk
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most cranial sympathetic ganglia
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cranial cervical ganglia
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T/F: there are 5000-13,000 fibers in the cervical sympathetic trunk
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T
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postganglionic sympathetic fibers leave the cranial cervical ganglion to course with.....
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arteries to structures of the head
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which cranial nerves are parasympathetic
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3
7 9 10 |
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parasympathetic nerve cell bodies are within which region?
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sacral region
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T/F:with parasympathetic innervation, synapses bl/w pre and postganglionic fibers occur very close to the target organ
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T
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3 structures innervated by autonomic n.s.
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glands
smooth muscle cardiac muscle |
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organs innervated by oculomotor n.
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ciliary m
sphincter pupillae m. |
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organs innervated by facial n.
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lacrimal and nasal glands
palatine glands mandibular and sublingual salivary glands |
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organs innervated by glossopharyngeal n.
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zygomatic and parotid salivary glands
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organs innervated by vagus n.
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cardiac m.
smooth m. glands of respiratory and digestive system |
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oculomotor n.'s location of post-ganglionic nerve cell body
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ciliary ganglion
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facial n.'s location of postganglionic nerve cell body
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pterygopalatine ganglion
mandibular and sublingual ganglia |
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postganglionic axons of the facial n. course with...
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CN 5
maxillary n. mandibular n. |
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postganglionic axons of the glossopharyngeal n. course with..
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CN 5
Mandibular n. |
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list each CN as sensory, motor, or mixed
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1-sensory
2-sensory 3-motor (parasympathetic) 4-motor 5-mixed 6-motor 7-mixed (parasympathetic) 8-sensory 9-mixed (parasympathetic) 10-mixed (parasympathetic) 11-motor 12-motor |
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name the 3 CN's that have motor, sensory, and parasympathetic
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7, 9, 10
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specific function of CN 1
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SVA
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specific function of CN 2
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SSA
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specific function of CN 3
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GSE
GVE |
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specific function of CN 4
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GSE
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specific function of CN 5
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GSA
GP GSE |
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specific function of CN 6
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GSE
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specific function of CN 7
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GVA
SVA GSE (SVE) GVE |
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specific function of CN 8
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SSA
SP |
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specific function of CN 9
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GVA
SVA GSE (SVE) GVE |
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specific function of CN 10
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GVA
SVA GSE (SVE) GVE |
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specific function of CN 11
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GSE (SVE)
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specific function of CN 12
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GSE
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CN that has sensory for the sense of smell from the olfactory mucosa predominately in the caudal region of the nasal cavity (SVA)
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CN 1
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CN 1 nerves travel through...
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the cribiform plate to reach the olfactory bulbs of the telencephalon
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dysfunction of CN 1
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absence of the sence of smell (anosmia)
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what do you use to test CN 1 dysfunction
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use aromatic compounds to determine if sense is present
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CN that supplies sensory for the sense of sight (vision) from rods and cones in the nervous retina (SSA)
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CN 2
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R and L optic nerves travel through the....and cross (decussate) at the...and reach the.....and.....
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optic canal
optic chiasm lateral geniculate nucleus and rostral colliculus |
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dysfunction of CN 2
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blindness(anopia)
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tests for CN 2
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menace response
have patient follow an object direct and consensual light reflexes |
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CN 3 travels through the....to reach the extrinsic and intrinsic musculature
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orbital fissure
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CN 3 functions
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motor to extrinsic skeletal musculature of the eye (GSE)
-medial rectus -ventral rectus -dorsal rectus -ventral oblique -levator palpebra superioris parasympathetic motor (GVE) to the intrinsic smooth musculature of the eye (sphincter pupillae m. within the iris and ciliary mm. within the ciliary body) via the ciliary ganglion |
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CN 3 dysfunctions
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-lateral strabismus due to the pull of the lateral rectus m.
-ptosis (drooping of the superior palpebra)-b/c of the lateral palpebra superiorus -mydriasis (dilation of the pupil) -cyclopegia (paralysis of accomodation) |
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GVE is
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parasympathetic motor
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term for dilation of the pupil
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mydriasis
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term for drooping of the eyelid
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ptosis
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term for paralysis of accomodation
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cyclopegia
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CN 3 test
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direct and consensual light reflexes
-shining a light in the eye (body has to see light-CN 2) (body needs to respond-CN 3) |
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parasympathetic ganglion assoc. with CN 3 (and the nerves)
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ciliary ganglion
short ciliary nerves |
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last synapse opportunity for sympathetic
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cranial cervical ganglion
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pathway of eye constriction
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light shines into eye
optic n. picks up light impulse stimulates oculomotor n. causes sphincter pupillae to constrict |
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pathway of eye dilation
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impulse goes to cranial cervical ganglion
postganglionic fibers course to dilator pupillae to cause dilation |
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T/F: consensual reflex should cause response in both eyes
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T
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trochlear n. gives motor to..
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dorsal oblique m. (GSE)
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What is the only cranial nerve to exit the dorsal surface of the brain stem
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trochlear n.
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the trochlear n. courses through the.... to reach the dorsal oblique m.
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orbital fissure
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CN 4 dysfunction
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eye rotates on anterior/posterior axis so the ventral part moves medially (b/c ventral oblique m. takes over)
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which CN innervates only 1 muscle
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CN 4 (dorsal oblique m.)
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CN that has sensory for pain, temp., touch, and pressure from the skin of the face and mucous membranes of the head (GSA)
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CN 5
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the trochlear n. courses through the.... to reach the dorsal oblique m.
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orbital fissure
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CN 4 dysfunction
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eye rotates on anterior/posterior axis so the ventral part moves medially (b/c ventral oblique m. takes over)
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T/F: CN 4 dysfunction is difficult to evaluate in animals with round pupils
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T
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which CN innervates only 1 muscle
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CN 4 (dorsal oblique m.)
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CN that has sensory for pain, temp., touch, and pressure from the skin of the face and mucous membranes of the head (GSA)
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CN 5
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cell bodies of CN 5 are located in the...
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trigeminal ganglion
mesencephalic nucleus 5 |
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impulses assoc. with pain are transmitted to the...
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spinal nucleus 5 (in the medulla)
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all exteroreceptive impulses except pain assoc. with CN 5 are transmitted to the...
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chief sensory nucleus 5 in the pons
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CN 5 provides motor to..
fibers arise from the... |
muscles of mastication from 1st brachial arch
-temporalis -masseter -medial/lateral pterygoids -rostral belly of digastricus motor nucleus of 5 in pons |
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CN 5 has proprioception from...
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the skeletal muscles which arise from brachial arch mesenchyme (GP)
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3 brs. of trigeminal n and special classification
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ophthalmic (GSA)-sensory
maxillary (GSA)-sensory mandibular (GSA, GP)-sensory (GSE-SVE)-motor |
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ophthalmic n. courses through the
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orbital fissure
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ophthalmic n. provides sensory to..
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palpebra
eyeball nasal mucosa skin of the nose |
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brs. of ophthalmic n.
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lacrimal n.
nasociliary n. frontal n. |
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lacrimal n. (br. of ophthalmic n.) carries.....to the.....
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postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the lacrimal gland
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the nasociliary n. (br. of ophthalmic n.) carries....to....
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postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the smooth muscle of the eye
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frontal n. brs.
their function? |
supraorbital and supratrochlear nn.
sensory to the lateral 2/3rds of the superior palpebra continuing to the dorsal midline |
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lacrimal n. provides sensory to..
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lacrimal gland
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nasociliary n. brs.
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long ciliary nn.
infratrochlear n. |
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nasociliary n. br. that courses with the optic n. to enter the globe; provides sensory to the eye (choriod, ciliary body, iris, cornea and bulbar conjunctiva)
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long ciliary n.
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nasociliary n. br. that provides sensory to the medial commisure of the palpebrae
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infratrochlear n.
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nasociliary n. br. that provides sensory to the part of the nasal mucosa and skin of the muzzle
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ethmoidal n.
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ophthalmic n. dysfunction
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lack of sensation from areas innervated
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ophthalmic n. tests
and for which brs. |
palpebral reflex (frontal n. and infratrochlear n.)
corneal reflex (long ciliary n.) |
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what nerves does the palpebral test check?
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ophthalmic n. of trigeminal n.
facial n. (b/c orbicularis oculi m.) |
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the maxillary n. courses through the...and then through the...
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round foramen and then through the rostral alar canal
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maxillary function
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sensory to the:
inferior palpebra nasal mucosa upper lip nose |
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distal brs. of maxillary carry postganglionic parasympathetic axons that innervate...
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the lacrimal, nasal, and palatine glands
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modalities of facial n.
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motor
sensory parasympathetic |
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facial n. provides parasympathetic innervation to..
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-lacrimal and nasal glands(GVE)
-mandibular and sublingual salivary glands(GVE) |
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facial n. provides sensory innervation to..
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-taste-rostral 2/3 of tongue (SVA)
-part of external ear (GSA) -soft palate (GVA) |
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facial n. provides motor to..
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muscle of the 2nd pharyngeal arch (GSE-SVE)
-muscles of facial expression |
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the facial n. leaves the cranial cavity via the....... accompanied by the.........nerves
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internal acoustic meatus
with vestibular and cochlear nn. |
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facial n. enters the facial canal of the....
and exits the skull via the.... |
petrous temporal bone
stylomastoid foramen |
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the facial n. gives rise to the......nerve that courses through the petrous temporal bone and joins the postganglionic........fibers from the........to form the nerve of the........
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major petrosal n.
sympathetic fibers pterygoid canal |
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the nerve of the pterygoid canal courses to the....
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pterygopalatine ganglion
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preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the nerve of the pterygoid canal synapse at the.....
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pterygopalatine ganglion
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postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion course with the............nerve to the lacrimal gland and with the ...........nerve to the glands of the nasal cavity
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zygomaticotemporal n.
pterygopalatine n. |
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T/F: dysfunction of the facial n. can be seen by dryness of the eye and a slight decrease in salivation
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T
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T/F: with a middle ear infection, the facial n. can be affected
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T
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within the facial canal, the facial n. gives rise to the....
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chorda tympani n.
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the chorda tympani course to the..... and over the medial surface of the tympanic membrane
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middle ear cavity
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the chora tympani courses through a small canal in the tympanic bulla and emerges through the........ to join the.....nerve
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pterygotympanic fissure
lingual n. of the mandibular n. of trigeminal n. |
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T/F: the chorda tympani n. carries both sensory and parasympathetic fibers
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T
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preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the chorda tympani course with the lingual nerve and synapse at the.....
postganglionic parasympathetic fibers innervate the.........glands |
mandibular and sublingual ganglia
mandibular and sublingual salivary glands |
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damage to the zygomaticotemporal n. causes........while damage to the chorda tympani causes.....
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dryness of the eye
decreased salivation |
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chorda tympani also contains (taste)sensory fibers from the......papillae on the rostral 2/3rds of the tongue (SVA)
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fungiform
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T/F: the facial nerve also carries sensory fibers to the soft palate (GVA)
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T
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sensory from the tongue is by........while taste from the tongue is from.....
what controls tongue motor? |
sensory-lingual n.
taste-facial n. motor-hypoglossal n. |
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T/F: the facial n. exits the skull cranial to the external acoustic meatus
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F: caudal to the meatus
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Facial n. brs
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muscular brs.
caudal auricular n. diagstric br. sensory brs. dorsal/ventral buccal brs. auriculopalpebral n. |
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muscular brs. of facial n. go to...
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caudal auricular muscles
stylohyoid m. |
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caudal auricular n. of facial n. goes to...
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platysma m.
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digastric br. of facial n. goes to...
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digastricus m. (caudal belly)
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sensory brs. of the facial n. go to...
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the ear (internal auricular nn.)
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dorsal/ventral buccal brs. go to...
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buccinator m.
orbicularis oris muscles of the lateral surface of the nose |
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T/F: Facial n. cervical br. goes to the parotidoauricularis and sphincter coli m.
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T
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auriculopalpebral n. (of facial n.) brs
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rostral auricular brs.
palbebral n. |
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the palpebral n. forms rostral auricular plexus b/w eye and ear and innervates....
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rostral auricular m.
levator nasolabialis m. palpebral mm. |
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GSE(SVE) facial n. dysfunctions
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flaccid paralysis of the muscles of facial expression
drooping of the ear widening of the palpebral fissure drooling of saliva out of the corner of the mouth |
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Tests for facial n.-GSE (SVE) dysfunction
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palpebral reflex
corneal reflex menace response ear twitch |
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palpebral reflex tests..
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trigeminal n. (sensory)
-ophthalmic br.-more medial -maxillary br.-more lateral |
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T/F: menace response tests the facial n. (orbicularis oculi m.) and optic n.
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T
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CN 8 is composed of which 2 nerves?
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vestibular n.
cochlear n. |
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CN 8 originates in the membranous labyrinth of the.... in the......
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inner ear in the petrous temporal bone
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CN 8 leaves the petrous temporal bone via the........ along with the......nerve
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internal acoustic meatus
with the facial n. |
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the vestibular n. transmits afferent impulses to the brain that relate to the position of the head relative to...
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the pull of gravity and to linear and angular acceleration (SP)
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receptors in the inner ear and within the semicircular ducts
where do they transmit impulses to? |
within the ducts:
cristae maculae inner ear: utricle saccule transmit impulses to the vestibular ganglion |
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dysfunction of the vestibular n.
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disequilibrium
circling(toward the ipsilateral (same) side as the lesion) head tilt nystagmus (involuntary rapid movement of the eyeball) |
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tests for dysfunction of the vestibular n.
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observe gait
righting reflexes |
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the cochlear n. transmits impulses perceived as.....
receptors are in the.... within the cochlea and transmit impulses to the... |
hearing (SSA)
spiral organ (organ of corti) impulses to the spiral ganglion |
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dysfunction of the cochlear n.
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deafness
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tests for dysfunction of the cochlear
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clap hands/whistle
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which cranial nerves exit the cranial cavity by coursing through the jugular foramen and tympano-occipital fissure along with the internal carotid and sympathetic trunk?
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9
10 11 |
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CN 9 provides sensory to..
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caudal portion of tongue
pharyngeal mucosa carotid sinus taste from caudal 1/3 of tongue |
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CN 9 provides motor to..
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stylophayngeus m.
with CN 10-other phayngeal mm. |
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CN 9 provides parasympathetic innervation to...
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parotid and zygomatic salivary glands
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dysfunction of CN 9
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hypo/hyper extension of the head
bradycardia or tachycardia |
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CN 9 sensory test
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carotid sinus test
(increased digital pressure on the carotid sinus area should cause slowing of the heart) |
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Sensory (SVA) of CN 9
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taste from caudal 1/3 of tongue (via lingual br.)
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T/F: CN 9 has all 3 modalities
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T
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CN 9 provides motor innervation to...
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pharyneal mm. (3rd brachial arch) via pharyngeal br.
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CN 9 motor dysfunction
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difficulty swallowing
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CN 9 motor test
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swallowing reflex
gag reflex |
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what does the pharyngeal br. of CN 9 join with to form the pharyngeal plexus?
what does the plexus supply? what elese does the plexus contain? |
pharyngeal br. of CN 10
motor to pharyngeal mm. sensory to the pharynx contains postganglionic sympathetic fibers from cranial cervical ganglion |
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CN 9 parasympathetic fibers synapse on....... and course with...... to provide innervation to...
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otic ganglion
auriculotemporal n. (CN 5) parotid and zygomatic salivary glands |
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CN 9 parasympathetic dysfunction
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partial dryness of mouth
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T/F: CN 10 contains all 3 modalities
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T
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CN 10 provides sensory to the...
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pharynx
larynx trachea ear esophagus thoracic and abdominal viscera |
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CN 10 provides motor to..
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muscles of the pharynx, larynx, and esophagus (from the 4th pharyngeal arch)
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CN 10 provides parasympathetic innervation to the..
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cervical, thoracic, and abdominal viscera
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CN 10 provides sensory to the pharynx, and cranial 1/3 esophagus via..
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pharyngeal br.
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CN 10 provides sensory to the laryngeal mucosa via...
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cranial laryngeal n.
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CN 10 provides sensory innervation to the middle 1/3 esophagus and trachea via the..
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recurrent laryngeal n.
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CN 10 provides sensory to the distal 1/3 esophagus and abdominal digestive tract via...
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dorsal and ventral vagal trunks
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cell bodies for CN 10 sensory are located in the..
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distal ganglion of the vagus n. (nodose ganglion)
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CN 10 provides motor to the pharyngeal mm. and cranial 1/3 of esophagus via the...
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phayngeal brs.
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CN 10 provides motor to the cricothyroideus m. via the..
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cranial laryngeal n.
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CN 10 provides motor to the caudal 1/3 of esophagus via
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dorsal and ventral vagal trunks
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dysfunction of CN 10 GSE (SVE) and GVA
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dysphagia
dysphonia loss of cough reflex loss of vomiting reflex |
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CN 10 motor dysfunction test
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swallowing reflex
gag reflex cough reflex (and sneeze reflex) |
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CN 10 sensory (GSA) to the horizontal ear canal, external acoustic meatus and tympanic membrane via the..
cell bodies are located in the.. |
tympanic br.
proximal ganglion on the vagus (jugular ganglion) |
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T/F: motor fibers arise from the dorsal motor nucleus of 10 and synpase on terminal ganglia located on the surface of the structures they innervate (myenteric and submucosal ganglia)
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T
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dysfunction of CN 10 parasympathetic
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tachycardia and decreased peristalsis
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CN 11 function
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motor (GSE-SVE) to muscles that draw the limb cranially (COST muscles)
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muscles innervated by CN 11 are from which brachial arches?
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5th and 6th arches
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dysfunction of CN 11
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atrophy of neck mm.
unable to draw shoulder cranially |
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bulbar portion of CN 11 arises from the.....
and then branch off as the.... |
nucleus ambiguus
recurrent laryngeal n. |
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spinal portion of CN 11 arises from the cervical spinal segments....
and innervate the .......muscles |
C1-C8
COST muscles |
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CN 12 courses through the.......to reach the lingual musculature
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hypoglossal foramen
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CN 12 courses with which artery and nerve?
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lingual a. and n.
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CN 12 function
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motor to the lingual muscles
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CN 12 innervates which muscles?
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styloglossus
hyoglossus genioglossus geniohyoideus proper lingual muscles |
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acute and chronic dysfunction of CN 12
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acute: tongue is drawn to the contralateral (opposite) side of the lesion (Surface of the tongue is smooth)
chronic: tongue is drawn to the ipsilateral side of the lesion (surface of the tongue is wrinkled) |
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test for CN 12 dysfunction
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tension of the tongue should result in reflex retraction
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cranial nerves the exit the tympano-occipital fissure
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9
10 11 12 |
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nerve that exits the hyoglossal canal
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12
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nerves that exit the stylomastoid foramen
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7
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nerve that runs through the oval foramen and caudal alar foramen
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mandibular n. (CN 5)
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nerve that exits the rostral alar foramen
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maxillary n. (CN 5)
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nerves that exit the orbital fissure
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3
ophthalmic n. (CN 3) 6 4 |
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nerve that exits the optic canal
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2
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AZ of maxillary n
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muzzle
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AZ of mandibular n.
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lower jaw
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AZ of facial n.
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concave part of ear
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AZ of ophthalmic n.
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medial part of palpebra
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desensitization of ophthalmic n.
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eye
orbit |
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desensitization of maxillary n.
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maxilla
upper teeth nose upper lip |
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desensitization of infraorbital n.
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upper lip
nose roof of nasal cavity surrounding skin up to infraorbital foramen |
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desensitization of inferior (mandibular) alveolar n.
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mandible (and all lower teeth)
skin and mucosa of chin and upper lip |
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desensitization of mental nn.
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lower lip
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