Sarah- Pelvic Cavity

Front 1

dorsal boundary of of pelvic cavity

Back 1

sacrum and 1st few caudal vertebrae

Front 2

lateral boundary of pelvic cavity

Back 2

ilium and coccygeus
levator ani and middle gluteal mm.

Front 3

cranial border of pelvic cavity

Back 3

pelvic inlet

Front 4

caudal border of pelvic cavity

Back 4

pelvic outlet

Front 5

pelvic cavity in meales/females contains

Back 5

rectum and urethra

Front 6

in females only the pelvic cavity contains

Back 6

vagina and part of vestibule

Front 7

in males only the pelvic cavity contains

Back 7

prostrate

Front 8

pelvic cavity is lined by..

Back 8

transversalis fascia and peritoneum

Front 9

caudal peritoneal reflection located lateral to the mesorectum

Back 9

pararectal fossa

Front 10

caudal peritoneal reflection in the female, located b/w the rectum and the cranial portion of the vagina

Back 10

rectogenital pouch

Front 11

caudal peritoneal reflection in the male, located b/w the rectum and the genital fold (containing ductus deferens)

Back 11

rectogenital pouch

Front 12

caudal peritoneal reflection in the female, located b/w the neck of the urinary bladder and the cranial portion of the vagina
in male, located b/w the prostate and genital fold

Back 12

vesicogenital pouch

Front 13

caudal peritoneal reflection located in the female, b/w the neck of the urinary bladder and the ventral body wall and pubis
in the male, located b/w the prostate and the ventral body wall and pubis

Back 13

pubovesical pouch

Front 14

what is the ventral most caudal peritoneal reflection

Back 14

pubovesical pouch

Front 15

describe location of urinary, digestive, and repro. tracts in respect to e/o

Back 15

digestive-most dorsal
repro.-medial
urinary-most ventral

Front 16

what is the space b/w the anus and scrotum (region of the pelvic outlet)

Back 16

perineos/perinuem

Front 17

what is the body wall that encloses the terminal parts of the digestive and urogenital tracts

Back 17

perineum

Front 18

surface dorsal boundary of perineum

Back 18

tail/anus

Front 19

surface ventral boundary of perineum

Back 19

dorsal aspect of vulva or scotum

Front 20

lateral surface boundary of perineum

Back 20

ischiatic tuberosity

Front 21

deep dorsal boundary of perineum

Back 21

3rd caudal vertebrae

Front 22

deep lateral boundary of perineum

Back 22

sacrotuberous ligament

Front 23

deep ventral boundary of perinuem

Back 23

ischial arch

Front 24

hints in sexing cats

Back 24

males-increased distance b/w anus and preputial opening (anogenital distance)

Front 25

lateral surface boundary of perineum

Back 25

ischiatic tuberosity

Front 26

deep dorsal boundary of perineum

Back 26

3rd caudal vertebrae

Front 27

deep lateral boundary of perineum

Back 27

sacrotuberous ligament

Front 28

deep ventral boundary of perinuem

Back 28

ischial arch

Front 29

hints in sexing cats

Back 29

males-increased distance b/w anus and preputial opening (anogenital distance)
in males- vulvar opening is more of a slit

Front 30

anal and genital openings are more colon shaped in.....kittens

Back 30

males

Front 31

anal and genital openings are more semi-colon shaped in....kittens

Back 31

females

Front 32

what is located b/w the anus and the ischiatic tuberosity and can be fat-filled in obese dogs?

Back 32

ischiorectal fossa

Front 33

what is the pelvic diaphragm made of?

Back 33

levator ani
coccygeus muscles

Front 34

functions of the pelvic diaphragm

Back 34

retain pelvic viscera in place
depress the tail
aid in expelling pelvic contents

Front 35

rectum, vagina, and urethra locations in respect to e/o

Back 35

rectum-most dorsal
vagina-medial
urethra-most ventral

Front 36

what muscle courses from the shaft of the ilium, pubis, and pelvic floor to Ca3-7?

Back 36

levator ani

Front 37

function of levator ani?

Back 37

fixes the position of the anus during defecation

Front 38

what muscle courses from the ischial spine to Ca2-4/Ca5

Back 38

coccygeus m.

Front 39

what muscle is located lateral to levator ani?

Back 39

coccygeus m.

Front 40

4 nerves of the pelvic viscera

Back 40

hypogastric n.
pelvic n.
pelvic plexus
pudendal n.

Front 41

what contains postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the caudal mesenteric ganglion?

Back 41

hypogastric nn.

Front 42

what is formed by the preganglionic parasympathetic axons from ventral brs. S1, S2 and S3 and visceral afferent fibers

Back 42

pelvic n.

Front 43

what innervates the descending colon, rectum, and urogenital organs

Back 43

pelvic n.

Front 44

what courses with prostatic/vaginal a.?

Back 44

pelvic n.

Front 45

what contains sympathetic fibers from the hypogastric n., parasympathetic fibers from the pelvic n., and visceral afferent fibers

Back 45

pelvic plexus

Front 46

what provides sensory to the rectum, internal and external repro. organs, perineal skin

motor to the perineal mm.

Back 46

pudendal n.

Front 47

pudendal n. originates from...

Back 47

ventral brs of S1, S2, S3

Front 48

branches of pudendal n.

Back 48

superficial perineal
deep perineal
caudal rectal

continues as dorsal n. of the penis/clitoris

Front 49

what specifically provides sensory from perineum?

Back 49

superficial perineal br.

Front 50

what provides sensory from the mucosa of anal canal? and motor to muscles of the penis or the vestibule and vulva?

Back 50

deep perineal n.

Front 51

what provides sensory from the rectum, anus, perianal skin?
motor to external anal sphincter

Back 51

caudal rectal nn.

Front 52

in the removal of anal glands what should you preserve?

Back 52

external anal sphincter
caudal rectal n.

Front 53

what are the 3 terminal brs. of aorta

Back 53

external iliac a.
internal iliac a.
median sacral a.

Front 54

where does the external iliac go?

Back 54

pelvic limb

Front 55

where does the internal iliac a. go?

Back 55

pelvic cavity
pelvic limb

Front 56

what does the median sacral a. become?

Back 56

median caudal a.

Front 57

what does the median caudal a. supply?

Back 57

caudal vertebrae

Front 58

brs. of internal iliac a.

Back 58

umbilical a.
caudal gluteal a.
internal pudendal a.

Front 59

in the fetus, where does the umbilical a. go?

Back 59

through the umbilicus to carry relatively unoxygenated blood to the placenta for oxygenation

Front 60

what brs. of the umbilical a. supply the bladder?

Back 60

cranial vesical aa.

Front 61

what are the remnant of the umbilical aa. called?

Back 61

round ligament of the bladder

Front 62

what is the round ligament of the bladder located?

Back 62

lateral ligaments of the bladder

Front 63

what supplies blood to the muscles outside the pelvis and the caudal thigh region?

Back 63

caudal gluteal a.

Front 64

what does the internal pudendal a. supple?

Back 64

pelvic viscera

Front 65

what is the main a. to pelvic viscera in female?

Back 65

vaginal a.

Front 66

what is the vaginal a. a br. of?

Back 66

internal pudendal a.

Front 67

what is the br. of the vaginal a. that supplies the uterus?

Back 67

uterine a.

Front 68

the caudal vesical a. brs. are...

Back 68

urethral
ureteral

Front 69

main brs off of internal pudendal a.?

Back 69

vaginal a.
ventral perineal a.
artery of the clitoris

Front 70

br. off of the ventral perineal a.

Back 70

caudal rectal a.

Front 71

br. off of the artery of the clitoris

Back 71

artery of the bulb

Front 72

caudal rectal a. courses with?

Back 72

caudal rectal n.

Front 73

structures supplied by the vaginal a.?

Back 73

vagina
uterus
urinary bladder
urethra
ureter
rectum

Front 74

what is the quivalent of the vaginal a. in the male?

Back 74

prostatic a.

Front 75

brs. off of the prostatic a.

Back 75

artery of the ductus deferens
middle rectal a.

Front 76

br. off of the artery of the ductus deferens

Back 76

caudal vesicle a. (urethral and ureteral brs.)

Front 77

3 main brs. off of internal pudendal a.

Back 77

prostatic a.
ventral perineal a.
artery of the penis

Front 78

br, off of ventral perineal a.

Back 78

caudal rectal a.

Front 79

brs off of the artery of the penis

Back 79

artery of the bulb of the penis
deep artery of the penis
dorsal artery of the penis

Front 80

structures supplied by the prostatic a.

Back 80

prostrate
ductus deferens
epididymis
urinary bladder
urethra
ureter
rectum

Front 81

correct term for bladder

Back 81

urinary bladder

Front 82

regions of the bladder

Back 82

apex
body
neck

Front 83

mucosal folds in bladder

Back 83

ruggae

Front 84

structure formed by the openings of the 2 ureters and the entrance of the urethra (dorsally located)

Back 84

trigome

Front 85

what is the pressure sensitive structure in the bladder that sends the message that the bladder is full? (gets irritated during bladder infection)

Back 85

trigome

Front 86

what muscle surrounds the bladder?
smooth or skeletal?

Back 86

urinary bladder muscle
smooth muscle

Front 87

what is the urinary bladder muscle innervated by?

Back 87

hypogastric n. (sympathetic)
pelvic n. (parasympathetic)
pudendal n. (sensory)

Front 88

blood supply to bladder?

Back 88

mainly from prostativ/vaginal a.
minor contribution from umbilical aa.

Front 89

what is the muscle that surrounds the pelvic urethra? smooth or skeletal?

action

Back 89

urethralis m.
skeletal

acts as an involuntary sphincter

Front 90

what is the urethralis m. innervated by?

Back 90

pudendal n.

Front 91

2 parts of urethra

Back 91

pelvic
penile

Front 92

arteries from the umbilical aa. that supply the bladder?

Back 92

cranial vesical aa.

Front 93

what do the lateral ligaments of the bladder contain? in adults and in fetus

Back 93

fetus-ureter and umbilical a.

adult-ureter and round ligament of bladder

Front 94

what is the remnant of the umbilical a.

Back 94

round ligament of the bladder?

Front 95

where is the round ligament of the bladder located?

Back 95

lateral ligament of the bladder

Front 96

what does the median ligament of the bladder contain in adults and fetus?

Back 96

fetus-umbilical aa. and urachus

adult-usually doesnt contain anything

Front 97

what are the remnants of the ventral mesentery

the nonremnant of the ventral mesentery?

Back 97

falciform ligament
median ligament of the bladder

lesser omentum

Front 98

T/F: when full, the bladder extends into the abdominal cavity

Back 98

T

Front 99

the urethra in the female carries urine from....

Back 99

the urinary bladder to the vestibule

Front 100

T/F: the external urethral orifice is dorsal to the urethral tubercle

Back 100

F: ventral to the urethral tubercle

Front 101

another term for the penile urethra?

Back 101

spongy urethra

Front 102

another term for sex glands

Back 102

accessory genital glands

Front 103

functions of accessory genital glands

Back 103

1) adds volume to ejaculate (vehicle for sperm)
2) provides a source of energy for sperm
3) acts as a buffer by neutralizing pH in the urine and CO2 produced by sperm
4) production of prostaglandins that cause smooth muscle contraction in the female repro. tract

Front 104

all possible sex glands

Back 104

prostate
ampullary glands
bulbourethral glands
vesicular glands

Front 105

sex glands in male dog

Back 105

prostate
ampullary glands

Front 106

male cat sex glands

Back 106

prostate
bulbourethral glands

Front 107

which sex gland surrounds the urethra at the neck of the bladder

Back 107

prostate

Front 108

which gland is located in the wall of the terminal portion of the ductus deferens?

Back 108

ampullary glands

Front 109

what structure courses from the epididymis and drain into the urethra?

Back 109

ductus deferens

Front 110

T/F: the prostate has several openings that drain into the urethra

Back 110

T

Front 111

what should you check in geriatric male patients?

Back 111

prostate-digital rectal exam

Front 112

difference b/w cat and dog pre-prostatic urethra?

Back 112

dog-short pre-prostatic urethra

cat-long pre-prostatic urethra

Front 113

the pre-prostatic urethra is also called the....

Back 113

neck of the bladder

Front 114

what is located on the dorsal surface of the prostatic urethra that is a continuation of the urethral crest?

Back 114

colliculus seminalis

Front 115

the ductus deferens open on each side of the....

Back 115

colliculus seminalis

Front 116

what structure enlarges to block urine from entering urethra during copulation?

Back 116

colliculus seminalis

Front 117

why is it extremely difficult to remove the prostate?

Back 117

many openings into the portion of the urethra surrounded by prostate

Front 118

T/F: the prostate is further cranial in the cat

Back 118

F: located further caudally along the urethra than in the dog

Front 119

what is located dorsally near the ischial arch, just cranial to the attachment of the penis to the ischium? (cat only)

Back 119

bulbourethral gland

Front 120

what is the bulbourethral gland a landmark for? (which procedure?)

Back 120

perineal urethrostomy

Front 121

continuation of the descending colon within the pelvic cavity

Back 121

rectum

Front 122

boundaries of the rectum

Back 122

pelvic outlet

Ca2-3

Front 123

what is b/w the rectum and anus

Back 123

anal canal

Front 124

cranial boundary of anal canal

Back 124

Ca4

Front 125

3 regions of anal canal

Back 125

columnar zone-rectal mucosa (longitudinal folds)
intermediate zone-anocutaneous line
cutaneous zone-location of the openings of the anal sinuses (sacs)

Front 126

within the walls of the anal sacs

Back 126

anal glands

Front 127

anal sac location around anus

Back 127

3:00-4:00

8:00-9:00

Front 128

anal sacs open in to which zone of anal canal?

Back 128

cutaneous zone

Front 129

what surrounds the anal canal

Back 129

anal sphincters

Front 130

br. of the pudendal n. that innervates the external anal sphincter

Back 130

caudal rectal n.

Front 131

difference b/w external and internal sphincters

Back 131

external-
skeletal, located superficial to anal sacs

internal-
smooth m., located deep to anal sacs

Front 132

the smooth muscle that is continuous with the smooth muscle of the rectum ( and internal anal sphincter and retractor penis m.)

action

Back 132

rectococcygeus m.

aids in defecation, stabilizes the rectum

Front 133

which lymphnodes drain into the medial iliac ln.?

Back 133

superficial inguinal ln.
popliteal ln.
sacral ln.
internal iliac ln.
caudal mesenteric ln.

Front 134

main lymph areas

Back 134

thoracic duct
cisterna chyli
celiac lymphocenter
cranial mesenteric lymphocenter
caudal mesenteric lymphocenter
iliosacral lymphocenter
lumbar trunks

Front 135

main causes of enlarged lymph nodes

Back 135

cancer
infection

Front 136

layers of rectus sheath cranial to umbilicus

Back 136

ext. abd. oblique
int. abd. oblique
rectus abdominis
int. abd. oblique
transversus abdominis

Front 137

layers of rectus sheath caudal to umbilicus

Back 137

ext. abd. oblique
int. abd. oblique
rectus abdominis
transversus abdominis

Front 138

layers of rectus sheath cranial to pubis

Back 138

ext. abd. oblique
int. abd. oblique
transversus abdominis
rectus abdominis

Front 139

pelvic n. runs with...

Back 139

vaginal or prostatic a.

Front 140

pararectal fossa

Back 140

pouch on either side of the mesorectum

Front 141

rectogenital pouch

Back 141

b/w colon and genitals

Front 142

vesicogenital pouch

Back 142

b/w bladder and genital system

Front 143

pubovesical pouch

Back 143

b/w pubic bone and bladder

Front 144

internal iliac a. becomes internal pudendal a. when which br. occur?

Back 144

caudal gluteal a.

Front 145

1st br. off of internal iliac a.

Back 145

umbilical a.

Front 146

br. off of umbilical a. if patent?

Back 146

cranial vesical a.

Front 147

1st br. off of internal pudendal a.?

Back 147

prostatic/vaginal a.

Front 148

1st br. off of prostatic/vaginal a.

Back 148

artery of the ductus deferens/ uterine

Front 149

br. off of artery of the ductus deferens/uterine

Back 149

caudal vesical a.

Front 150

final br. of the internal pudendal a.

Back 150

ventral perineal a.

Front 151

br. off of ventral perineal a.

Back 151

caudal rectal a.

Front 152

3 main brs. off of internal pudendal a.

Back 152

prostatic/vaginal a.

ventral perineal a.

artery of the penis/clitoris

Front 153

3 brs. off of artery of the penis

Back 153

artery of the bulb of the penis

deep artery of the penis

dorsal artery of the penis

Front 154

3 m,ain brs. off of internal iliac

Back 154

umbilical. a

internal pudendal a.

caudal gluteal a.

Front 155

which n. runs with internal pudendal a.?

Back 155

pudendal n.

Front 156

dorsal a. of the penis runs with?

Back 156

dorsal n. of the penis

Front 157

caudal abdominal lymph centers

Back 157

medial ilaic ln.

internal iliac/hypogastric ln.

caudal mesenteric ln.

Front 158

openings to the cervical canal

Back 158

internal uterine ostium

external uterine ostium

Front 159

which uterine ostium is located cranial to the cervix?

Back 159

internal uterine ostium

Front 160

dead end that surrounds the cervix

Back 160

fornix of vagina

Front 161

pseudocervix that suspends the cervix

Back 161

dorsal median postcervical fold

Front 162

glans clitoridis location relative to the fossa clitoridis

Back 162

glans is dorsal to the fossa

Front 163

most prominent aspect of the urethral crest in males

Back 163

colliculus seminalis

Front 164

muscle that surrounds the crus of the penis (on either side)

Back 164

ischiocavernosus m.

Front 165

what muscle is b/w the ischiocavernosus m.?

Back 165

bulbospongiosus m.

Front 166

what muscles runs the entire length of the penis?

Back 166

retractor penis m.

Front 167

what is the expansion of the corpus spongiosum penis?

Back 167

bulb of the penis

Front 168

what surrounds the urethra in males?

Back 168

corpus spongiosum penis

Front 169

what surrounds the corpus cavernosum penis?

Back 169

tunica albuginea

Front 170

where does the root of the penis attach?

Back 170

ischiatic tuberosity

Front 171

components of the glans of the penis

Back 171

bulbus glandis with corpus spongiosum glandis

pars longa glandis with corpus spongiosum glandis

corpus spongiosum penis

lymphoid nodules proximal to bulbus glandis

os penis with urethral groove

Front 172

what is found on the free part of the penis without glans only in intact male cats?

Back 172

keratin barbs

Front 173

another term for erectile tissue

Back 173

cavernous tissue (where blood fills)

Front 174

located in the bulbus glandis?

Back 174

corpus spongiosum glandis of bulbus glandis

Front 175

locates in the pars longa glandis?

Back 175

corpus spongiosum glandis of the pars longa glandis

Front 176

contraction of which muscles causes blood to flow through the corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum during erection

Back 176

ischiocavernosi m.

bulbospongiosus m.

Front 177

is retractor penis m. smooth or skeletal?

Back 177

smooth

Front 178

which muscle is continuous with retractor penis m., levator ani m., anal sphincters?

Back 178

rectococcygeous m.

Front 179

which muscle inserts on the fibrous ring that surrounds the common trunk of the R and L dorsal veins of the penis?

Back 179

ischiourethralis m.

Front 180

bulb of the penis is covered by?

Back 180

bulbospongiosus muscle

Front 181

what ends when the os penis beings?

Back 181

corpus cavernosum

Front 182

what causes the tip of the penis to bend so it is positioned better up against the cervix?

Back 182

os penis helps deform the fibrocartilage tip of the penis

Front 183

2 parts of the glans penis

both contain what?

Back 183

bulbus glandis

pars longa glandis

both contain corpus spongiosum glandis

Front 184

apex of the feline penis is directed....

Back 184

caudoventrally

Front 185

fold of skin covering the glans of the penis

Back 185

prepuce

Front 186

T/F: if you pull too forcefully on the testes, you can rip a ureter (in cats)

Back 186

T

Front 187

primary supply to the penis

Back 187

internal pudendal a. (gives rise to the artery of the penis)

Front 188

T/F: the external pudendal a. also supplies branches to the penis that anastamose witht he preputial br. of the dorsal a. of the penis

Back 188

T

Front 189

deep artery of the penis supplies..

Back 189

crus (made of tunica albuguinea, corpus cavernosum penis, and os penis)

Front 190

dorsal a. of the penis supplies

Back 190

prepuce, superficial surface of penis, pars longa glandis

Front 191

artery of the bulb supplies..

Back 191

bulb of the penis, corpus spongiosum penis, penile urethra

Front 192

veins draining the penis drain into..

Back 192

external/internal pudendal aa.

Front 193

drainage of blood from penis to caudal vena cava

Back 193

internal pudendal v./internal iliac v.
external pudendal v./external iliac v.
internal/external iliac join the common iliac vv. which join to form the caudal vena cava

Front 194

lymphatics from the penis drain into the

Back 194

superficial inguinal ln.

Front 195

pudendal n. brs.

Back 195

deep perineal brs.
dorsal n. of the penis

Front 196

chief sensory nerve of the penis

Back 196

dorsal nerve of the penis (from pudendal n.)

Front 197

nonerection

Back 197

blood flow to the penis bypasses the cavernous tissue

Front 198

erection

Back 198

filling of cavernous tissue with blood

stimulation of pelvic nerve (parasympathetic n.) causes relaxation of the smooth muscle in the vessels

Front 199

blood is directed toward which arteries during an erection

Back 199

helicine brs.

Front 200

last part of penis to enlarge-no direct supply

Back 200

bulbus glandis

Front 201

maintenance of erection

Back 201

neurogenic-parasympathetic stimulation
ischiourethralis m. restrict venous return
ischial arch-compresses dorsal veins of the penis
penis twists on long axis on dismount-restricts venous return
constrictor vulvae m. and vestibuli m. in female also inhibit venous return
relaxation of retractor penis m.

Front 202

phimosis

Back 202

congenital narrowing of preputial orifice

Front 203

paraphimosis

Back 203

extended penis is unable to be withdrawn back into the prepuce