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122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ventrally located portion of the heart (faces caudally and toward the left)
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apex
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dorsally located portion of the heart
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base
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heart position in dog
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3rd rib to 6th IC space
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heart position in cat
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3rd or 4th rib (4th IC space) to 6th or 7th rib
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apex is formed by the...
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left ventricle
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Which coronary artery gives rise to the paraconal interventricular br. and circumflex br.?
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L
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what does the circumflex br. give rise to?
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subsinuosal br.
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what is the epicardium?
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visceral pericardium
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where is the serous membrane found?
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in the epicardium
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layers of serous membrane
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mesothelium
thin layer of loose C.T. |
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middle layer of the heart
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myocardium
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thickest layer of the heart
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myocardium
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layer comparable to tunica media of vessels
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myocardium
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layer composed of muscle , C.T., nerves, and blood vessels
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myocardium
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inner layer of the heart
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endocardium
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cardiac counterpart of tunica intima of vessels
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endocardium
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layer composed of endothelium and C.T.
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endocardium
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fibrous sac that surrounds the heart and roots of great vessels
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pericardium
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layers of pericardium
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external layer-fibrous tissue=fibrous pericardium
inner layer-serous layer (adhered to parietal pericardium) |
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term that includes the parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium(epicardium)
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serous pericardium
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another term for epicardium
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visceral pericardium
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the inner serous layer that is adhered to the epicardium
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parietal pericardium
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T/F:clinically the pleura on the external surface of the heart is included in the term pericardium
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T
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clinical pericardium
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pericardial mediastinal pleura
fibrous pericardium parietal pericardium |
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T/F: the pericardial cavity has serous membranes on either side of it
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T
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pleural cavity is analogous with..
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pericardial cavity
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what is located between the parietal and visceral pericardia?
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pericardial cavity
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connects the fibrous pericardium to the diaphragm
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phrenicopericardial ligament
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phrenic refers to..
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diaphragm
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R side of heart
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atrial side
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left side of heart
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auricular side
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auricle function
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help with contraction
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Which atria is bigger and more visable?
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R
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groove b/w atria and ventricles
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coronary groove
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groove party covered by auricles
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coronary groove
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groove that contains coronoary vessels
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coronary groove
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grooves between L and R ventricles
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paraconal interventricular groove
subsinuosal interventricular groove |
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groove on auricular surface
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paraconal interventricular groove
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groove on atrial surface
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subsinuosal interventricular groove
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pulmonary veins dump into which atria?
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L
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blood flow from body to lungs
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cranial/caudal vena cava
R. atrium R A.V. valve (tricuspid) R. ventricle (conus arteriosus) pulmonary valve pulmonary trunk R/L pulmonary arteries |
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the pulmonary valve open into the...
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pulmonary trunk!
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blood flow from lungs
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pulmonary veins
L. atrium L. A.V. valve (mitral) L. ventricle (L. outflow track) aortic valve aorta |
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parts of R atrium
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sinus venarum
auricle |
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which veins drain into coronary sinus?
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great cardiac and middle cardiac veins
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where is the coronary sinus?
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ventral to the opening of caudal vena cava
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terms for the opening between the atria and ventricles
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atrioventricular orofice
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wall between left and right atria
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interatrial septum
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ridge b/w cranial and caudal vena cava
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intervenous tubercle
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structure located caudal to the intervenous tubercle
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fossa ovalis
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remnant of foramen ovale
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fossa ovalis
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muscles in the atria
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pectinate muscles
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what is the foramen ovale
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opening b/w L and R atria in fetus b/c lungs weren't providing oxygen (the placenta was)
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R AV valve
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tricuspid
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main parts of tricuspid valve
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septal
parietal |
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cords that attach cusps to papillary muscles
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chordae tendinae
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conical muscular projections in ventricles
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papillary muscles
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muscular ridges on ventricular walls
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trabeculae carne
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muscle strands that course across the lumen of the ventricles
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trabeculae septomarginalis
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what conducts purkinje fibers from the R branch of AV bundle across the lumen of the ventricle
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trabeculae septomarginalis
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outflow tract of R ventricle
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conus arteriosus
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cusps assoc. with pulmonary valve
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semilunar
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structures assoc. with cusps to help form seal
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nodules
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how many pulmonary arteries?
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2 (L and R)
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how many pulmonary veins?
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5 or 6
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L AV valve (other terms)
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mitral
bicuspid |
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T/F: secondary cusps are present at the end of mitral cusps
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T
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thicker ventricle?
whyyy |
L
going to the whole body! |
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location of aortic valve
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b/w left ventricle and aorta
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number of cusps in aortic valve
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3-semilunar with central nodules
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sinuses of valsalva=
how many? |
aortic sinuses
3 ( 1 is pulmonary sinus) |
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where do the coronary arteries arise?
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aortic sinuses (R and L)
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nature of pulmonary sinus?
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venous
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which arteries supply the cardiac muscles?
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coronary arteries
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where do the coronary arteries( and aortic sinuses) arise?
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ascending aorta
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Which coronary artery supplies to the paraconal interventricular br, circumflex br. (and possibly subsinuosal br.) ?
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Left coronary artery!
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what does the R. coronary artery give rise to and supply?
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circumflex br.
supplies right free wall of heart |
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T/F: in some cats the R. circumflex br. gives rise to the subsinuosal interventricular br.
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T
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In dogs, the subsinuosal interventricular br. is a continuation of..
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the circumflex br. of the left coronary artery
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Small cardiac veins
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microscopic channels that open into every chamber
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great cardiac v. arises?
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apex
ascends the paraconal interventricular groove |
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middle cardiac v. arises?
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subsinuosal groove
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where do the middle and great cardiac vv. drain?
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coronary sinus
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fetal structure found b/w the pulm. trunk and aorta
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ligamentum arteriosum
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where can you hear the pulmonary valve?
What side of body? |
3rd intercostal space
@ costochondral junction left side of body! |
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where can you hear the aortic valve?
what side of the body? |
4th IC space
just below horizontal plane of the shoulder jt. on left side! |
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where can you hear the left atrioventricular (mitral) valve?
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5th intercostal space
@ costochondral junction on left side |
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where can you hear the right AV valve (tricuspid)?
what side of body? |
3rd or 4th IC space
@costochondral junction right side of body |
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where can you hear the pulm. valve in cats?
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high in 4th IC space
left side! |
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where can you hear the aortic valve in cats?
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high in the 4th IC space
left side! |
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where can you hear the L AV valve (mitral)?
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6th costal cartilage
left side! |
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where can you hear the R AV valve?
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low in 5th IC space
right side |
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what is the cardiac notch?
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separation b/w the cranial and middle lobes of the lung
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where would you perform a cardiac puncture in dogs?
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on R side (b/c R cardiac notch is bigger)
@ 4th IC space @ level of costochondral junction |
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where would you perform a cardiac puncture in a cat?
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on R side
@ 5th IC space @ level of costochondral junction |
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where can you hear the L AV valve (mitral)?
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6th costal cartilage
left side! |
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where can you hear the R AV valve?
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low in 5th IC space
right side |
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what is the cardiac notch?
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separation b/w the cranial and middle lobes of the R lung
separation b/w the cranial and caudal lobes of the L lung |
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where would you perform a cardiac puncture in dogs?
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on R side (b/c R cardiac notch is bigger)
@ 4th IC space @ level of costochondral junction |
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where would you perform a cardiac puncture in a cat?
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on R side
@ 5th IC space @ level of costochondral junction |
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umbilical arteries?
arise? |
carry less oxygenated blood from fetus to placenta
arise from branches of terminal aorta( internal iliac arteries) |
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umbilical veins?
arise? |
carry oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus (from the placenta)
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what vein is paired in the umbilical cord but then becomes a single vein in the fetal abdomen?
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umbilical veins
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how does fetal blood pass through the liver to the caudal vena cava?
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ductus venosus
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what blood is found in the placenta?
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maternal and fetal-exchange occurs
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umbilical veins drain into? by?
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caudal vena cava by way of ductucs venosus
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ductus venosus bypasses?
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the liver
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foramen ovale bypasses?
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the lungs
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why are the lungs bypassed?
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b/c fetus isn't getting oxygen from respiration
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where can you find the ductus venosus?
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b/w umbilical vein and caudal vena cava
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where can you find the foramen ovale?
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in interatrial septum
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what is a portal systemic shunt?
what is it when it is closed? |
ductus venosus?
ligamentum venosum |
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where can you find the ductus arteriosus?
what does it become? |
b/w pulmonary trunk and aorta
either becomes ligamentum arteriosum or PDA |
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cardiac size in dogs (lateral view)
how should trachea appear? |
2.5-3.5 IC spaces wide
2/3 height of thorax trachea should diverge ventrally from spine |
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cardiac size in dogs (VD or DV view)
appearance? |
1/2 to 2/3 width of thorax
more elongated on VD apex on L side |
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when could you think that a heart is enlarged when viewing a radiograph?
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@ full expiration
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cardiac size in cats (lateral view)
how would you measure this? how does heart position changes with age? |
2-3 IC spaces wide
measure perpendicular to apex/carina axis heart tilts cranially with age |
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cardiac size in cats (VD or DV view)
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1/2 to 2/3 width of thorax
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how many crura on diaphragm?
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2 (R and L)
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which diaphragmatic crus is more cranial? (on right lateral recumbency)
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R (caudal vena cava runs with it)
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which diaphragmatic crus is more cranial in left lateral recumbency?
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L
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in which view (VD or DV) does the diaphragm appear flatter? mickey mouse ear apperance of crura? diaphragm more elongated? cup-shaped?
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flatter-VD
mickey mouse-VD elongated-DV cup-shaped-DV |
