Sarah- Epaxial Muscles

Front 1

Name the 3 muscle systems of epaxial muscles

Back 1

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Transversospinalis

Front 2

General innervation of epaxial muscles

Back 2

dorsal brs. of cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

Front 3

Main actions of epaxial muscles

Back 3

extensors of vertebral column

lateral movements when acting on one side

Front 4

Most lateral and ventral epaxial system

name components

Back 4

iliocostalis

lumborum and thoracis

Front 5

actions of iliocostalis

general O and I

Back 5

fixation of vertebral column
lateral movement
expiration

ilium and C7

Front 6

Which system is located medially to iliocostalis?

Name components

Back 6

longissimus system

thoracis et lumborum
cervicis
capitis
(maybe atlantis)

Front 7

general O and I of longissimus system

Back 7

ilium to head

Front 8

Strongest muscle of the trunk in lumbar and thoracic regions

Main actions

Back 8

longissimus thoracis et lumborum

extension and fixation of the vertebral column

Front 9

What does longissimus thoracis et lumborum fuse with in lumbar region?

Back 9

iliocostalis lumborum

Front 10

Main actions of longissimus cervicis

Back 10

extend the neck
unilaterally raises the neck obliquely (turns to one side)

Front 11

Main actions of longissimus capitis

Back 11

extension of atlanto-occipital joint, head and neck

Front 12

What are the main components of the transversospinalis system

Back 12

splenius
semispinalis capitis (biventer and complexus)
rectus capitis dorsalis
obliquus capitis cranialis and caudalis
spinalis et semispinalis thoracis et cervicis
mulifidus, rotatores, interspinalis, intertransversarii

Front 13

What is the strongest muscle of the neck?

Back 13

splenius

Front 14

Actions of splenius

Back 14

extend and raise the head and neck
unilaterally draws the head and neck laterally

Front 15

Separating the semispinalis muscles reveals what?

Back 15

the nucchal ligament

Front 16

Actions of semispinalis

Back 16

raises the head and neck
unilaterally flexes the head and neck

Front 17

What does the nucchal ligament become after T1

Back 17

supraspinous ligament

Front 18

Name the epaxial muscles that extend the atlanto-occipital joint

Back 18

longissimus capitis
rectus capitis dorsalis
obliquus capitis cranialis

Front 19

Which muscle causes rotation of the atlas on the axis and fixes the atlanto-axial joint?

Back 19

obliquus capitis caudalis

Front 20

What is the action of spinalis et semispinalis thoracis et cervicis

Back 20

fix the thoracic vertebral column and raise the neck

Front 21

Deep epaxial muscles of transversospinalis

Back 21

multifidus
rotatores
interspinales
intertransversarii

Front 22

Epaxial dorsal tail muscles

Back 22

dorsomedial sacrocaudalis
dorsolateral sacrocaudalis
dorsal caudal intertransversarius

Front 23

dorsal lateral flexor of the tail?

Back 23

dorsal caudal intertransverarius

Front 24

Epaxial ventral tail muscles

Back 24

ventromedial sacrocaudalis
ventrolateral sacrocaudalis
ventral caudal intertransverarius

Front 25

ventral lateral flexor of the tail?

Back 25

ventral caudal inyertransversarius

Front 26

Additional tail muscles

Back 26

coccygeus
levator ani

Front 27

Name 2 branches of the 2nd cervical spinal nerve

Back 27

great auricular
transverse cervical

Front 28

Great auricular

Back 28

sensory from neck, ear, caudal part of head

Front 29

transverse cervical

Back 29

sensory from cranioventral part of neck

Front 30

Which nerves pass through omotransversarius?

Back 30

C3 and C4

Front 31

3rd, 4th, and 5th ventral brs of cervical spinal nerves

Back 31

motor to neck muscles
sensory from the skin

Front 32

boundaries of jugular groove

Back 32

brachiocephalicus
sternocephalicus

Front 33

What forms the external jugular v?

Back 33

maxillary and linguofacial veins

Front 34

What does the venous hyoid arch connect in dogs? in cats?

Back 34

dogs- right and left lingual veins
cats-right and left lingofacial veins

Front 35

What is the main blood supply to the neck face and head?

Back 35

common carotid a.

Front 36

Components of the carotid sheath

Back 36

common carotid a.
internal jugular v.
vagosympathetic trunk
tracheal lymphatic ducts

Front 37

Components of vagosympathetic trunk

Back 37

vagus n,
sympathetic trunk

Front 38

What does the vagus n. carry?

Back 38

parasympathetic and sensory fibers from head to neck, thorax, and abdomen

Front 39

Is the esophagus or trachea more dorsal?

Back 39

esophagus

Front 40

What is cranial to the trachea?

Back 40

larynx

Front 41

What are the 2 main components of the trachea?

Back 41

cartilage rings
trachealis muscle

Front 42

What gland is located lateral to the trachea and caudal to the larynx?

Back 42

thyroid gland

Front 43

What thyroid problems are cats and dogs prone to?

Back 43

cats-hyperthyroid

dogs-hypothyroid

Front 44

Where can cats' thyroid glands be found?

Back 44

all along the trachea

Front 45

What gland had 2 sets, 1 internal and 1 external?

Back 45

parathyroid gland