Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the vertebral formula for cats and dogs?
|
Dog: C7 T13 L7 Ca 20-23
Cat: C7 T13 L7 Ca 18-21 |
|
|
What forms the lower part of a vertebral arch?
|
pedicels (on both sides)
|
|
|
What forms the upper part of the vertebral arch?
|
laminae (on both sides)
|
|
|
What is the ventral part of a vertebra called?
|
the body or centrum
|
|
|
What is the most dorsal part of a vertebra called?
What forms it? |
the spinous process
formed by 2 lamina |
|
|
What is the vertebral formula for cats and dogs?
|
Dog: C7 T13 L7 Ca 20-23
Cat: C7 T13 L7 Ca 18-21 |
|
|
What forms the lower part of a vertebral arch?
|
pedicels (on both sides)
|
|
|
What forms the upper part of the vertebral arch?
|
laminae (on both sides)
|
|
|
What is the ventral part of a vertebra called?
Which part is convex? concave? |
the body or centrum
the cranial surface is convex the caudal surface is concave |
|
|
What is the most dorsal part of a vertebra called?
What forms it? |
the spinous process
formed by 2 lamina |
|
|
What is included in the axial skeleton?
|
skull, sternum, ribs, hyoid bones, cartilage of larynx, and vertebral column
|
|
|
What are the 2 foramen associated with a typical vertebra?
Which one is located more cranial? |
the lateral vertebral foramen and the trasverse foramen
the lateral vertebral foramen is more cranial |
|
|
What is found between 2 adjacent vertebrae?
What are the layers? |
intervertebral discs
the inner nucleus pulpous is surrounded by the anulus fibrosus |
|
|
What is formed by a vertebral arch?
|
the vertebral foramen
|
|
|
What do all vertebral foramen form?
|
the vertebral canal
|
|
|
What is located at the junction of a pedicel and lamina?
|
articular process
|
|
|
How many articular processes are there on each side of a vertebra?
|
a cranial pair and a caudal pair
|
|
|
What do multiple transverse foramen form?
|
transverse canal
|
|
|
What courses through the transverse canal?
|
vertebral artery, vein, and nerve
|
|
|
What are formed between cranial and caudal vertebral notches?
|
intervertebral foramen
|
|
|
what courses through the intervertebral foramen?
|
spinal nerves and blood vessels
|
|
|
What is the 1st cervical vertebra?
What is it missing? What are the transverse processed called? What is the central foramen called? |
atlas
no body or spinous process wings fovea dentis |
|
|
What does the cranial articular foveae of the atlas articulate with?
What joint does this form? What main movement occurs? |
the occipital condyles of the skull
the atlanto-occipital joint ( "yes") flexion and extension |
|
|
What type of joint is the atlanto-occipital joint?
How many capsules are present in the joint? |
synovial joint
2 joint capsules-dorsal and ventral |
|
|
What does the caudal articular fovea of the atlas articulate with?
What joint does this form? What type of movement occurs? How many capsules? |
the axis
the atlanto-axial joint ("no") rotary movement 1 loosely positioned joint capsule |
|
|
Which ligament holds the dens against the fovea dentis of the atlas?
|
transverse ligament of the atlas
|
|
|
Which ligaments attach the dens to the basioccipital bone between the occipital condyles?
|
the apical and alar ligaments
|
|
|
Which ligament courses between the spine of the axis and the arch of the atlas?
|
the dorsal atlanto-axial ligament
|
|
|
List the 3 major components of the spinal cord and meninges from most external to internal.
|
dura mater
arachnoid pia mater |
|
|
Where is the cerebral spinal fluid found?
|
In the subarachnoid space and in the spinal canal
|
|
|
From which vertebral foramen does the spinal nerve come out?
|
the intervertebral canal
|
|
|
Does the dorsal n. go to the epaxial or hypaxial muscles?
|
epaxial muscles
|
|
|
What is the dilated area of subarachnoid space located dorsal to caudal brainstem and cranial portion of the spinal cord at level between foramen magnum and dorsal arch of C1?
|
the cisterna magna (cerebromedullary cistern)
|
|
|
Where is the location for performing a cerebrospinal fluid tap and myelography?
|
the cisterna magna
|
|
|
In which thoracic vertebrae do the spinous processes project caudally?
|
T1-T10
|
|
|
What is the anticlinal vertebra?
|
T11 (spinous process is vertical)
|
|
|
Which spinous processes project cranially?
|
T12-L7
|
|
|
Are the spinous processes the project caudally long or short? What about the ones the project cranially?
|
caudally-long
cranially-short |
|
|
Which thoracic vertebrae have both cranial and caudal costal fovea?
What do they articulate with? |
T1-T9
articulate with heads of ribs |
|
|
Which is the first vertebra do have a costal fovea?
What is it missing? |
C7
no transverse foramen |
|
|
Which vertebrae have mamillary processes? When are the located on the transverse process? When are they on the cranial articular process?
|
T1-caudal vertebrae
On transverse process in T1-T10 On cranial articular processes in T11-caudal vertebrae |
|
|
Which thoracic vertebrae do not have caudal costal fovea?
|
T10-T13
|
|
|
Where can you find accessory processes?
|
mid-thoracic region and ending with L4 or L5
|
|
|
Which part of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the corresponding thoracic vertebrae?
|
the tubercle of the rib
|
|
|
Which part of the rib (and which ribs) articulates with the caudal costal fovea of the preceding thoracic vertebra and the cranial costal fovea of the corresponding thoracic vertebrae?
|
head of ribs 1-9
|
|
|
What part of the ribs ( and which ribs) only articulate with the cranial costal fovea of the corresponding thoracic vertebra?
|
the head of ribs 10-13
|
|
|
What is the area where the cartilage and bone of a rib join?
|
the costochondral junction
|
|
|
In the lumbar vertebrae, is the cranial aspect of the body concave or convex?
|
concave
|
|
|
Where would you perform a lumbar CSF tap in dogs?
|
the space between L5 and L6 or between L6 and L7
|
|
|
Where would you perform a lumbar CSF tap in cats? Why?
|
the lumbosacral junction
lumbar vertebrae are bigger in cats so there is less space in between them |
|
|
Which vertebrae fuse to make up the sacrum? What is the connection called?
|
S1, S2 and S3
the median crest |
|
|
Where do the dorsal branches of the first 2 sacral spinal nerves arise?
|
from the 2 pair of dorsal sacral foramina
|
|
|
Where do the ventral branches of the first 2 sacral spinal nerves arise?
|
from the 2 pair of pelvic (ventral) sacral foramina
|
|
|
Where is the auricular face? What does it articulate with?
|
On the lateral part of the wing of the sacrum
It articulates with the auricular surface of the illium |
|
|
What is the triangular ridge on the ventral part of the base of the sacrum?
What does this form with the ilia? |
the promontory
forms the dorsal border of the pelvic inlet |
|
|
What are the joints of articular processes of adjacent vertebrae called?
|
facet joints
|
|
|
Where is the hemal arch located? What courses through it?
|
located on Ca4-6 on ventral part
arteries course through it |
|
|
What is a cartilaginous joint found with the vertebral column? What is it called?
|
the intervertebral discs
called a symphysis (fibrocartilaginous joint) |
|
|
What is it called when you have pressure on the spinal cord and nerve?
|
a prolapsed intervertebral disc
|
|
|
Name a costovertebral ligament
|
intercapital ligament
|
|
|
What do intercapital ligaments do? Where do they run across?
|
connects pairs of ribs 2-10 (extend acorss dorsal surface of the anulus fibrosus) and hold the heads of right and left ribs in place
|
|
|
Where do more disc bulges occur? Why?
|
in the lumbar area because no intercapital ligaments!
|
|
|
What is the ligament that courses between C2 and T1 in the dog? What does it give rise to after T1?
|
the nuchal ligament
becomes the supraspinous ligament |
|
|
Which ligament is located on dorsal surface of the vertebral bodies? What do they do?
|
Dorsal longitudinal ligaments-fix intervertebral discs in place
|
|
|
Which ligament is located on ventral surface of vertebral bodies?
|
ventral longitudinal ligaments
|
|
|
What is the ligament that forms a broad band coursing between spinous processes?
|
interspinous ligaments
|
|
|
Which ligaments course between vertebral arches dorsally?
|
interarcuate (yellow) ligaments
|
