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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the characteristics of projects?
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1. Complex, unique and involve a high degree of risk
2. Precise targets agreed on between the contractor and the sold-to party 3. Limited in duration and are cost and capacity intensive 4. Involved several departments 5. Subject to specific qualityrequirements 6. Strategic significance for the businesses carrying them out |
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What are the project systems organizational units?
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None. It has none of its own and they could vary for each project.
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What is a work break-down structure and what does it show?
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A model of a project and shows the project activities to be fulfilled in hierarchical form.
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How many controlling areas can a project be assigned to?
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One and only one.
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Do projects often span across company codes?
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Yes
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The work break-down structure forms the operative basis for what?
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Planning, costs, revenues, and payments as well as scheduling and budgeting.
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What are the types of projects?
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Standard and development
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Can an activity be assigned to more than one WBS element?
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No.
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Can a WBS element be assigned to more than one activity?
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Yes.
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The conceptual stage is done where?
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In the WBS phase.
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What are activities used for and what do they form?
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They are used to show the flow of a project or of activities involved in a project and form the operative basis for planning and controlling dates, costs, and resources.
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What are individual tasks that are linked to each other and grouped together?
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Networks.
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What is aggregated (totaled up) at the WBS level?
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Dates and costs defined in individual activities.
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What is a commitment?
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When you agree to purchase something.
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What orders do we do confirmations on?
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Purchase order, maintenance orders, and service orders.
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What things are assigned to WBS elements to plan costs, dates, and payments?
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Activities
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What is an interm cost collector?
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An internal (interm) order
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What can you use project builder to maintain?
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Any object in the project system, except for the assignment of production resources and tools.
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What do you use operative indicators for?
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To define the characteristics of a WBS element and to specify what tasks will be performed by the WBS element when the project is being executed.
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What are WBS elements for which you want to plan costs manually flagged as?
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Planning elements.
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What are WBS elements for which you want to post actual costs flagged as?
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Account assignment elements
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What are WBS elements for which you want to post revenues flagged as?
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Billing elements
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What are the functions of work break-down structures?
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1. Dates
2. Budget 3. Commitment 4. Periodic processing 5. Payment data 6. Costs |
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What is the statistic indicator used for?
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To specify whether a WBS element is used only for statistical purposes, or whether it works with real costs.
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What can you use the project builder for?
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To create or change objects in the project.
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Are there any standard operative project structures/networks and if ther eare, can they be copied?
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Yes
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Can planned an actual data for activities be aggregated at the WBS element level?
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Yes
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How are activities linked to each other?
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By means of relationships.
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What do you use the activities in the network to plan?
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Labor, capacities, materials, tools, and services that you need to carry out various tasks in your project.
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Where are all of the functions you need to create a netwok available?
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In the network graphic.
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What is cycle analysis?
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A function that you can only perform in the network graphic and is a tool that enables you to detect cyclical relationships and correct them.
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What is a cycle?
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A closed sequence of relationships and activities.
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If an activity-relationship-activity path is cyclical what will you not be able to do?
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Schedule the network
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What are the activity categories in the project system?
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1. Internal processing for capacities to be staged in your own company
2. External processing for tasks to be assigned externally 3. Services for procuring external services 4. Cost activities for planning additional primary costs |
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What do activities form a quantity structure for?
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Dates, costs, resources, and material requirements
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What are PS texts and what are they assigned to?
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They are user-definable texts that are managed in a PS text catalog and are assigned to one or more WBS elements or activities.
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What is the project planning board?
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A graphical interface you can use to create and edit all the data for a project which is based on SAP Gantt chart.
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What are the important navigation options available in the project planning board?
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1.Double-click at certain points goes directly to detail screens
2. Right hand mouse button the functions that are available are displayed 3.Select all and show all dependent objects, all objects are displayed |
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What kind of dates should you specify in the WBS elements and why?
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Dates that are binding for detailed planning to use as a basis for planning and scheduling based on the dates that are more binding nodes of the network than the actual element.
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The project system draws a distinction between which of the following resources?
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An interally processed activity and an externally processed activity
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What does an internally processed activity determine?
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The ouput to be provided by machines or personnel in order to complete the activity.
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Can you evaluate the capacities of various work centers involved in the project system?
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Yes
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Whatis an externaly processed activity used for?
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To specify the necessary services to be provided by otehr companies in order to complete the activity
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What is the difference between service activities and externally procesed activities?
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If you use service activities, you can draw up service specifications and set value limits for any unplanned services.
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To plan capacities for a project and calcualte costs for activities what must you specify?
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The amountnof work involved and the work center that is to perform the work.
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What is work defined as in the project system?
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The output to be provided by machines and personnel in order to complete an activity.
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What is a work center?
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The place where an activity is carried out or work output is produced.
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What do work centers contain that is necessary regarding the project system?
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Data for costing activities and scheduling and capacity data necessary for planning.
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What is workforce planning?
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How to distributethe work among employees.
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When you confirm activities, what happens to capacity requirements and dates and costs?
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You consume (reduce) capacity requirements and enter actual dates and costs.
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If you have a project without networks, how are the WBS elements scheduled?
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Manually as basic dates.
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Can activities serve as a foundation to implement the basic dates?
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Yes
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When you create an externally process activity what is created?
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A PR
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The goods receipt for services involved whats steps?
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1. Entry of services performed
2. Acceptance of services performed |
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In a service activity do you have the option of setting a tolerance limit to reject and orders with differences?
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Yes
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What establishes the link between the project system and SD, MM, and PP?
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Materials
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What does cost planning in the WBS elements include?
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1. Structure-oriented planning
2. Detailed planning of primary costs and activity inputs 3. Unit costing 4. Easy cost planning from release 4.6c |
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What is structure-oriented planning?
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Where you can enter costs for each WBS element.
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What is detailed planning of primary costs and activity inputs?
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A type of planning that is cost element and period based.
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What is unit costing?
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It is cost element based and is where you use a profile to enter quantities for each WBS element
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What are the advantages of creating activities for WBS elements?
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1. The reuslting plan can be copied to new projects
2. If parts of the project are shifted, cost planing is shifted along with the activities automatically 3. Planning using network activities is by cost element and period |
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What is easy cost planning?
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Release from 4.6c, accessible from the project builder, and is cost element based. This is where you use templates to enter costing items by taking characteristic values from the planning forms that are linked to quantities, values, or actions from the costing items.
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Can you assign orders to a project?
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Yes. Various.
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What is an order category?
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A network
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How are orders determined?
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By their order category
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Can you define your own order types within a category?
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Yes.
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What is the order type used to control?
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1. Number assignment
2. Default value settings 3. User-specific status management 4. User-specific field control |
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What are the two types of networks possible depending on the order type and the plant?
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Header-assigned or activity-assigned
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When are activity-assigned networks used?
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Where costs are gathered in each activity
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When are header-assigned networks used?
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For the assignment of networks to sales orders (without WBS)
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In what phase is it that funds are assigned in the form of a budget?
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In the approval phase of the budget
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How does the budget differ from the project cost plan?
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The budget is binding whereas the project cost plan is not.
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What is a budget?
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The device by which management approves the anticipated development of project costs over a given period of time.
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What transaction assigns funds for the project and its parts?
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Maintain original budget
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Where can you specify if funds are to be assigned as overall values or distributed by year instead?
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In the budget profile
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What is the budget profile?
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How and when the budget is going to be distributed through the project.
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If you freeze (lock) the original budget by assigning appropriate user statuses what happens?
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You can only change it by defining supplements, returns,and transfers.
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How can tolerance limits be set?
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As actual values or as percentages.
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What can the budget release function be used for?
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To make funds available at various points within a fiscal year.
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What are the things that can be released? (random)
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PO, customer service order, maintenance orders and projects.
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What does the budget carryforward function allow?
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The transfering of any funds not used up in the previous year to the budget of the new fiscal year.
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What is the funds overview regarded as?
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Passive availability control
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What is active availablity control?
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When assigned funds are checked against the budget and if certain tolerance limits are violated a response from the system is triggered.
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Actual costs and commitments of available budget funds result in what?
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Assigned funds
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What do confirmations document and enable you to do?
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They document the processing status of activities and activity elements in a network and enabled you to make forecasts as to hot the project will progress.
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How can you create confirmations?
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1. Individually for each network, activity, activity element, or individual capacity
2. As a collective information 3. Using the structure information system 4. Using the cross-application time sheet (CATS) 5. Via the internet Using Palm Pilot and the open PS interface 6. Via the PDC interface |
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What is CATS?
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An integrated function for entering actual time datat important in HR, PS, PM, CS, and CO.
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How can you determine the layouts in CATS?
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By using data entry profiles
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What is the difference between purchasing in project management and purchasing with a service entry in customer service?
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In service processing, entry and acceptance of services is performed instead of goods receipt.
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What does a service entry allow that a goods receipt does not?
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It allows you to put in parameters that define levels of acceptance.
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What does a service activity trigger?
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A puchasing process that can contain a hierarchy of planned services to be purchased and value limits for unplanned services.
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What are the steps for goods receipts for services?
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Entering services performed and acceptiing them
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What do you use period-end closing for?
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To ensure that all the data belonging to a period is determined and that datat is available for enterprise controlling purposes.
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You can use the schedule manager to help you carry-out period-end clsoing. What workflows does it support?
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FI
CO PS and so on. |
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Actual costs and revenues that arise in a project or order are as a result of what?
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1. Materials withdrawals and GR
2. Vendor invoices 3. Customer billing 4. Internal activity allocations, transfers, cost distribution, process costs, overhead 5. Confirmation of network activities |
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In settlement, where are costs and revenues transferred to?
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1. financial accounting
2. Asset accounting 3. Cost accounting / Profitability analysis 4. Project system |
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What is the difference between direct settlement and multi-level settlement?
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In direct settlement, each object in a project is settled directly to a cost object not included in the project such as a profitability segment.
In a multi-level settlement, activities, orders and WBS elements are first settled to the higher-level WBS elements in the project. |
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What are the reports and systems available for cross-project evaluations?
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1. project summarization
2. SAP Executive information systems 3. Profit center accounting reports 4. Profitability analysis reports |
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What is the structure information system and its functions?
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A tool for displaying information where you can also create and change project structures from the reports, confirm activities, and initiate confirmation workflows
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What do cost element reports display?
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Costs by cost element
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