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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is endocarditis?
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bacteria that has colonize the endocardium and usually a heart valve
affects the aortic and mitral valve |
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What does aortic insufficiency lead to?
Mitral insufficiency? |
left sided congestive heart failure
the heart compensates |
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How are the joints and kidney affected by endocarditis?
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immunilogical joint disease and glomerulonephritis
you will see protein in the urine |
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Who is most commonly affected by endocardiitis?
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middle aged large breed dogs
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What can be seen on PE in an animal with endocarditis?
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fever, infection, bounding pulses
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How do you diagnose if bacterimia is present?
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get blood from 3 different sites, there may not show up in culture
use PCR |
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How do you treat endocarditis?
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control arrythmias and heart failure
IV antibiotics |
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What is the most common cause of cainine pericardial effusion?
feline? |
hemangiosarcoma
FIP |
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What results from pericardial effusion?
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cardiac tamponade
GSD are predisposed |
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An animal with a pericardial effusion will present with what on PE?
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pale mm
increaed CRT muffled heart sounds weak pulses jugular vein distension ascites |
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Why are diuretics contraindicated in patients with endocarditis?
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because it would decrease blood volume and further collapse chambers
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T/F
it is possible for acute pericardial effusion to look normal on radiographs |
true
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What type of needle is used to remove fluid from pericardium? Where?
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5cm or longer, 16-18 gauge
Left low at 5th intercostal space |
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What is the prognosis of idiopathic pericardial effusion?
Neoplastic? |
Excellent, half only require drainage once
Very poor, as most tumors don't respond to chemo |
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What may you see on bloodwork to signify hemangiosarcoma?
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Nucleated RBCs and schistocytes
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Is systemic hypertension often primary in animals? Causes?
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No
Hyperthyroid, DM, Hyperadrenocorticism, Hypothyroid, high salt diet, liver dz, obesity |
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What are the four "target" organs of hypertension?
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1) Eyes-> blindness
2) Brain-> depression or hemorrhage causing seizures 3) Kidney-> progressive azotemia 4) Nose-> epitaxis |
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What is the normal BP of a dog? Cats?
At what systolic should you consider treatment? |
120-150/67-84
104/83 > 160 |
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What is the first line of treatment of high BP?
Medication in dogs? Cats? |
Decrease weight and salt intake
ACE inhibitors and amlodipine Amlodipine then ACE (benazepril) |
