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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does an ECG measure?
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-the electrical activity of the heart
Used to determine heart rate and conduction disturbances |
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What is the hearts normal pacemaker?
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-sinoatrial node (SA node)
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What is the electrical pathway of the heart?
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SA node -> atrial contraction > AV node -> bundle of His -> L and R braches -> purkinje fibers
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What position is the animal in for a ECG?
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right lateral recumbancy on a rubber matt
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Where do you place ECG leads?
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red - right hind
green - left hind White - right front Black - left front |
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What lead is the most important?
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lead II
travels right forelimb (-) to left hind limb (+) Travels in direction of major conduction |
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What is the first thing you must do when reading an ECG?
What is a DDx of this? |
see if there is interference
-60 Hz electrical interference -movement atrial fibrillation is a DDX |
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What does the smallest square on an ECG represent?
10mm? |
1mm
1cm = 1mV |
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What are the two ECG paper speeds?
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25mm/sec = .04 seconds
50mm/sec = .02 seconds |
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What does radiography tell you about the cardiovascular system?
Ultrasound? |
Lung edema, blood vessels and airway size
size and motion of the heart |
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What is the mean electrical axis?
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average direction which depolarization spreads through vent myocardium
calculated in systole |
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What are the two things an increased mean electrical axis indicate?
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right ventricular enlargement
right bundle branch block |
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What are the two things a decrease mean electrical axis indicate?
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left ventricular enlargement
left bundle branch block |
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What does a peaked p wave indicate?
How about a mounded P wave and what is the cause? |
-right atrial enlargement (.4 boxes)
-left atrial enlargement caused by mitral insufficiency |
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If you have a r-wave that is too high and too wide what does that indicate?
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left ventricular enlargement
decreased MEA |
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If you have a sign of right ventricular enlargement what would you see?
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a presence of a deep S wave
increased MEA |
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What are the three abnormalities you will see on an ECG with a right bundle block?
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-Wide QRS
-Deep s -decreased R wave caused by infection, neoplasia, infarction or trauma |
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What are the abnormalities you see with a ECG with a left bundle block?
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Wide QRS
Rare- incidental caused by infection, neoplasia, infarction or trauma |
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What are the causes of low voltage complexes?
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obesity
pleural or pulmonary effusion hypothyroidism myocardial disease |
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What does a depressed or increased ST segment indicate?
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myocardial ischemia - not enough O2 to the heart
need O2 to supply Na/K pumps |
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Which wave has the most variation between animals?
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T wave should be < 1/4 of r wave
*check for hypoxia if its not |
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What drug can interfere with an ECG?
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Digoxin
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What causes a T wave to become spiked?
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hyperkalemia
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