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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In dogs what is lacking to close a PDA?
What ligament should it become? |
smooth muscle
ligamentum arteriosus |
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At what age would you see heart failure in a patient with PDA?
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by one year of age
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In a left to right shunt where is blood moving?
What part of the heart will be enlarged? What kind of hypertrophy? |
-aorta to pulmonary artery
-left atrium, ventricle, pulmonary artery -ecentric of left ventricle |
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In a right to left shunt where is blood moving?
What part of the heart is enlarged? How does it effect the kidneys? |
-pulmonary artery to aorta
-right side of the heart -low O2 will cause an increase in EPO |
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What type of PDA will you see cyanosis caudally?
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right to left shunts
can not detect a murmur |
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What is the hallmark murmur of PDA?
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machinery murmur
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How do you treat left to right shunts?
Right to left shunts? |
surgical correction
can not be corrected surgically because it will cause right heart failure |
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What type of hypertrophy is seen with aortic stenosis?
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concentric
capillaries do not increase so they can get sufficient blood to enlarged heart |
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What is the cause of aortic stenosis?
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fibrocartilaginous CT (subvalvular is the most common)
seen in dogs |
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What breeds are most associated with aortic stenosis?
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newfies and boxers
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What types of arrhythmias are associated with aoritc stenosis?
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VPDs
ventricular bradycardia ventricular tachycardia |
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What can you see radiographically with aortic stenosis?
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dilation of the ascending aorta
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What is a common sign of aortic stenosis?
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syncope or sudden death
you will hear a systolic murmur beta blockers |
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What species is pulmonic stenosis common in?
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palliative
the goal of treatment is to decrease the number of VPDs use beta blockers |
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Which species is pulmonic stenosis common?
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dogs mostly bull dogs
valvular stenosis see exercise intolorance, weakness, syncope, sudden death, right sided heart failure |
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What kinda of hypertrophy occures with pulmonic stenosis?
What else is usually also enlarged? |
-concentric of right ventricle
-right atrium |
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What type of murmur in pulmonic stenosis?
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systolic at left heart base
treatment by balloon valvuloplasty |
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What type of heart enlargement do you see with ventricular septal defects?
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left heart eccentric hypertrophy (volume overload)
a loud murmur is a good prognosis (small hole) |
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What animals is VSD most common in?
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cats
can see R to L shunts |
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Where is a VSD murmur the loudest?
How are pulmonary arteries effected? |
Right side (blood coming into right ventricle)
Enlarged due to over circulation |
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What is the definitive diagnosis of VSD?
What is the treatment of a small VSD? Large? |
Doppler to show L->R blood flow
None Surgery |
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What is the tetralogy of Fallot?
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1) Pulmonic stenosis
2) Overriding aorta 3) VSD 4) Hypertrophy of rightt ventricle (from R->L shunting) |
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How do animals present with tetraology of Fallot?
On PE? |
Stunted, ex. intolerance, SOB, syncope
Murmur, cyanosis (everywhere, unlike PDA only in back) |
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What is the murmur in tetralogy of Fallot a combination of?
What blood abnormality may be present? |
Pulmonary stenosis and VSD
Erythrocytosis |
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What will show in a radiograph in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot?
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right heart enlargement and small pulmonary arteries
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What is the treatment for Tetralogy of Fallot?
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Re-routing blood from aorta to pulmonary artery (temporary) and control dysrhythmias with beta blockers
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What wouldn't be given to patients with tetralogy of Fallot?
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vasodilators because it will exacebate the right to left shunt and see hypoxia
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What is a arterial septal defect?
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a hole between atria
the right side is more enlarged and receives more blood |
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What breed can commonly get ASD?
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boxers (can be asymptomatic)
aortic stenosis is a differential |
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What can a larger ASD lead to?
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pulmonic stenosis, more volume from right side and increase turbulence
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What animals are most susceptable to AV valve malformations?
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cats and large breed dogs
the animals can be asymptomatic fora long time |
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What structures are constricted in a PRAA?
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Esophagus and trachea
liagamentum arteriosus (dorsally) aorta on the right pulmonary artery on the left and heart ventrally |
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Inhereited ventricular arrhythmias occur in what breed?
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german shepherd dogs
VPDs and ventricular tachycardia |
