Salvo Chapter 15 Note Cards

Front 1

Refers to the movement resulting from the contraction of smooth muscles

Back 1

Internal Mobility

Front 2

Skeletal Muscles Create visable movement (motion and locomotion)

Back 2

External Mobility

Front 3

All muscle contractions produce and release _____ .

Back 3

Heat

Front 4

Voluntary, striated muscle

Back 4

Skeletal Muscle

Front 5

AKA muscle cells, threadlike, slender shape, usually run the length of the muscle....

Back 5

Muscle fibers

Front 6

_______ are very fine longitudinal fibers, consisting of thick and thin myofilaments.

Back 6

Myofibrils

Front 7

Groups of muscle fibers bound by perimysium

Back 7

fasciculi

Front 8

Term referring to skeletal muscles and related fascia.

Back 8

Myofascial

Front 9

When organization of deep fascia forms a cord, anchoring the ends of muscle to bone, it is called a _________.

Back 9

tendon

Front 10

A broad, flat tendon that attaches skeletal muscle to bone, another muscle, or skin.

Back 10

aponeurosis

Front 11

Retaining bands of connective tissue around the elbows, knees, ankles, and wrists.

Back 11

Retinacula

Front 12

The cell membrane that encases the cytoplasm and organelles.

Back 12

sarcolemma

Front 13

The cytoplasm, surrounds the organelles.

Back 13

sarcoplasm

Front 14

A fluid filled system of cavities that contain sarcomeres.

Back 14

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 15

_____ spread the nerve inpluse by transporting stored ions into and out of the cell.

Back 15

T-tubules

Front 16

The proteins actin, myosin, tropomyosin, troponin make up _______.

Back 16

Myofilaments

Front 17

Shaped like golf clubs.

Back 17

Myosin molecules

Front 18

Muscles contractile unit.

Back 18

Sarcomeres

Front 19

Ends of the sarcomere.

Back 19

Z-line

Front 20

Center of sarcomere, myosin only

Back 20

H-band

Front 21

Actin and myosin overlapping

Back 21

A-band

Front 22

Actin only

Back 22

I-band

Front 23

Ability to respond to a stimulus

Back 23

Excitability

Front 24

Ability of a muscle to shorten

Back 24

Contractility

Front 25

Ability of a muscle to lengthen.

Back 25

Extensibility

Front 26

Ability of muscle fibers to return to their original shape after movement.

Back 26

Elasticity

Front 27

A neuron responsible for sending impluses to the muscle cell, messages of contraction.

Back 27

motor neuron

Front 28

A single motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers to which it attaches

Back 28

motor unit

Front 29

The junction between the motor neuron and the motor end plate

Back 29

neuromuscular junction

Front 30

The principal neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction

Back 30

acetylcholine (ACh)

Front 31

Theory of muscle contraction

Back 31

sliding filament theory

Front 32

Muscles contract to their fullest extent or not at all.

Back 32

all-or-none response

Front 33

Motor unit activation based on need.

Back 33

recruitment

Front 34

.The energy needed for muscle contraction comes from a compound called

Back 34

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Front 35

Skeletal muscle contraction requires to essential ingredients:

Back 35

Glucose and oxygen.

Front 36

The wide central portion of a muscle that produces movement of the joint

Back 36

Belly

Front 37

The attachment of the muscle on the less moveable bone, usually located medial or proximal

Back 37

Origin

Front 38

The attachment of the muscle on the more movable bone, usually located lateral or distal.

Back 38

Instertion

Front 39

Muscles that cross one joint

Back 39

Uniarticular

Front 40

Muscles that cross two joints.

Back 40

Biarticular

Front 41

Muscles that cross more than two joints.

Back 41

Multiarticular

Front 42

A muscle fiber arrangement that can be quadrilater or triangular.

Back 42

Parallel

Front 43

This muscle hape is called fusiform and converges and one or both ends.

Back 43

Convergent

Front 44

A muscle fiber arrangement that is circular. (hello.)

Back 44

Circular

Front 45

This muscle hape is called fusiform and converges and one or both ends.

Back 45

Convergent

Front 46

A muscle fiber arrangement that is circular. (hello.)

Back 46

Circular

Front 47

Short muscles arranged with a central tendon, feather like appearance

Back 47

Pennate

Front 48

Muscle causing a specific action.

Back 48

Agonist

Front 49

Muscle opposing the agonist.

Back 49

Antagonist

Front 50

Muscle aiding by causing same movement as the agonist.

Back 50

Synergist

Front 51

Muscle acting as joint stabilizer so agonist can exert it's actions.

Back 51

Fixators

Front 52

AKA red muscle, fatigue resistant, react at a slow rate.

Back 52

Slow twitch

Front 53

AKA white muscle, largest diameters, appear white.

Back 53

Fast twitch

Front 54

AKA pink muscle, inbetween slow and fast twitch.

Back 54

Intermediate

Front 55

The opposite of muscular contraction.

Back 55

Stretching

Front 56

Flexability beyond a joints normal range of motion, contributes to joint instability.

Back 56

Hyperflexibility

Front 57

Receptors that detect tension applied to the tendon during a stretch.

Back 57

Golgi tendon organs

Front 58

Muscle tension remains the same as length of muscle changes.

Back 58

Isotonic Contraction

Front 59

Shortening of the muscle. Accelerators, spurt muscles.

Back 59

Concentric Contraction

Front 60

Lengthening contractions, decelerators, shunt muscles.

Back 60

Eccentric Contraction

Front 61

Muscle length remains the same, muscle tension increases.

Back 61

Isometric Contraction

Front 62

Maintining an optimal body position.

Back 62

Posture

Front 63

Less muscle tone than normal.

Back 63

flaccid

Front 64

More muscle tone than normal.

Back 64

spastic

Front 65

A decrease in the size of muscle fibers.

Back 65

Atrophy

Front 66

Muscle is fixed in flexed position.

Back 66

contracture

Front 67

Type of tendonitis caused by narrowing of the tendon sheath.

Back 67

De Quervain's Tendonitis

Front 68

A chronic infammatory disease that affects muscle and related connective tissues, pain.

Back 68

Fibromyalgia

Front 69

A benign tumor on a tendon.

Back 69

Ganglion Cyst

Front 70

Types include muscular contraction, tension, vervicgenic, sinus, migrane, etc...

Back 70

Headaches

Front 71

A rigid knot in the muscle.

Back 71

Muscle Spasm

Front 72

The atrophy of skeletal muscles with no indication of damage.

Back 72

Muscular Dystrophy

Front 73

Pain in the heel, inflammation of the plantar fascia.

Back 73

Plantar Fascitis.

Front 74

Carpal Tunnell, thoracic outlet, tennis elbow, rotator cuff problems.

Back 74

Repetitive Strain Injury

Front 75

Strain of posterior tibial muscles marked by pain along the shinbone.

Back 75

Shin Splints

Front 76

Increased muscle tone and stiffness, increase in tendon reflexes.

Back 76

Spasticity

Front 77

Injury of a muscle or tendon caused by a violent contraction, forced stretching, or synergistic failure.

Back 77

Strain

Front 78

Inflammation of the tendon accompanied by pain and swelling.

Back 78

Tendinitis

Front 79

Spasms of the sternocleidomastoid muscles (SMC'S).

Back 79

Torticollis

Front 80

Chordlike structure attaching muscle to bone.

Back 80

Tendon

Front 81

Thick Myofilament

Back 81

Myosin

Front 82

Fascial covering of the entire muscle

Back 82

Epimysium

Front 83

Muscle of the heart.

Back 83

Cardiac

Front 84

Thin myofilament

Back 84

Actin

Front 85

Principal Neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction.

Back 85

Acetylecholine

Front 86

Cell membrance of a muscle fiber.

Back 86

Sarcolemma

Front 87

Lengthening contractions.

Back 87

Eccentric

Front 88

Detects sudden motion causing reflexive muscle contraction.

Back 88

Muscle Spindles

Front 89

Junction between a motor neuron and a motor end plate.

Back 89

Neuromuscular Junction

Front 90

Proteins that prevent muscles from being in a constant state of contraction.

Back 90

Troponin and tropomyosin