Saletc 8.8 Use Of Force

Front 1

Elements of Force

Back 1

Ability
Opportunity
Jeopardy
Preclusion - (what was done to prevent)

Front 2

Unavailability of Justification defense

Back 2

ARS 13-401

Even though a person is justified... if in doing so such person recklessly injures or kills an innocent third person, the justification afforded...is unavailable...for the reckless injury or killing or the innocent third person.

Front 3

Execution of public duty

Back 3

ARS 13-402

Public Duty (executioner etc)
Assisting a police officer

Front 4

Justification; use of physical force

Back 4

ARS 13-403

Parent, guardian, teacher or in charge
reasonably appropriate
reasonably necessary to maintain discipline
superintendent of corrections
prevent suicide
physician

Front 5

Self Defense

Back 5

ARS 13-404

Threaten or use physical force to protect oneself against another's use or attempted use of unlawful physical force.

Front 6

Levels of Resistance

Back 6

-Psychological intimidation
-Verbal Non compliance
-Passive
-Defensive resistance
-Active aggression
-aggravated active aggression (deadly force)

Front 7

Levels of Force or Levels of Control

Back 7

-Officer presence
-Verbal Direction
-Empty Hand control
-Intermediate weapons
-Lethal Force

Front 8

Force Continuum

Back 8

Levels Resistance as compared to levels of Force not necessarily linear

Front 9

Use of Force Formula

Back 9

Subjects resistance
+
Variables
+
Reasonableness
=
Level of Control/ Tool

Front 10

Escalation / De-escalation

Back 10

Justice not vengeance

Front 11

Fourth Amendment

Back 11

The right of people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Front 12

Force Variables

Back 12

-Nature of offense
-Subjects Behavior
-Feasibility/Availability of alternate responses
-Additional Officers Available
-Totality of Circumstances

Front 13

8th Amendment

Back 13

Protection against excessive force and cruel and unusual punishment.

Front 14

ARS 13-411

Back 14

Justification:
Use of Force in Crime Prevention

Front 15

ARS 13-415

Back 15

Justification:
Domestic Violence

Front 16

ARS 13-410

Back 16

Justification:
Use of Deadly Physical Force in Law Enforcement. (fleeing felon)

Front 17

ARS 13-409

Back 17

Justification:
Use of Physical Force in Law Enforcement

Front 18

ARS 13-408

Back 18

Justification:
Use of Physical Force in Defense of Property

Front 19

ARS 13-407

Back 19

Justification:
Use of Physical Force in Defense of Premises.

May only threaten with deadly force unless 13-405 (deadly force self defense) or 13-406 (Defense of a third person)

Front 20

ARS 13-406

Back 20

Justification;
Defense of a third person

Front 21

ARS 13-405

Back 21

Justification;
Use of Deadly Physical Force
Under 13-404 (justification for Self Defense)

Front 22

ARS 13-404

Back 22

Justification;
Self Defense

Front 23

ARS 13-403

Back 23

Justification; Use of Physical Force for Parent or Guardian or in charge
reasonable / appropriate
Necessary to maintain order
Prevent suicide--reasonable to thwart result
Physicians

Front 24

ARS 13-402

Back 24

Public Duty
Assisting a police officer

Front 25

ARS 13-401

Back 25

Justification;
Unavailability

Front 26

When can someone legally resist arrest

Back 26

When excessive force it used

Front 27

Leading causes of civil litigation against officers

Back 27

False Arrest (No Probable Cause)
Failure to Render First Aid
Excessive Force