Sainvil- A & P Lecture Ch 5

Front 1

How many different cell types are there?

Back 1

200

Front 2

there are 4 primary tissue classes. what are they?

Back 2

epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous

Front 3

what is the study of histology?

Back 3

microscopic anatomy

Front 4

what is an organ?

Back 4

a structure of discrete boundaries composed of 2 or more tissue types

Front 5

what tissue cells are widely separated?

Back 5

connective

Front 6

this tissue has little matrix between it and muscle cells:

Back 6

epithelial

Front 7

this tissue covers body surface, lines body cavities, external and internal linings of many organs, & constitutes most gland tissue:

Back 7

epithelial

Front 8

this tissue consists mostly of fibers & ground substance with widely separated cells:

Back 8

connective

Front 9

this tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed:

Back 9

connective

Front 10

this tissue serves to connect organs or serves to support, bind, or protect organs

Back 10

connective

Front 11

this tissue is used for energy storage and heat protection:

Back 11

connective

Front 12

this tissue consists of elongated cells that are specialized to contract in response to stimulation:

Back 12

muscle

Front 13

this tissue's primary job is to exert physical force on other tissues and organs:

Back 13

muscle

Front 14

digestion, waste elimination, speech, breathing, and blood circulation depend on this tissue:

Back 14

muscle

Front 15

this tissue consists of neurons and many neuroglia cells. the neurons are specialized to detect stimuli, respond quickly, & transmit coded information rapidly to other cells:

Back 15

nervous

Front 16

this tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia

Back 16

nervous

Front 17

there are 3 primary germ layers:

Back 17

ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm

Front 18

ecto means?

Back 18

outer

Front 19

endo means?

Back 19

inner

Front 20

meso means?

Back 20

middle

Front 21

what does an embryo begin as?

Back 21

a single cell

Front 22

what does an embryo divide into?

Back 22

many cells and layers. 3 primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm

Front 23

what germ layer forms the epidermis and nervous system?

Back 23

ectoderm

Front 24

what germ layer forms mucous membrane lining GI tract, & respiratory system, & digestive glands?

Back 24

endoderm

Front 25

what germ layer has wispy collagen fibers & fibroblasts in gel matrix and gives rise to muscle, bone, & blood?

Back 25

mesoderm

Front 26

is epithelial tissue vascular or non vascular?

Back 26

non vascular

Front 27

what does pseudo mean?

Back 27

fake

Front 28

what does stratified mean?

Back 28

many layers

Front 29

what are the fibers of connective tissue?

Back 29

collagen, reticular, and elastic

Front 30

what tissue produces heat and stores energy?

Back 30

adipose

Front 31

what cartilage is found in the ear?

Back 31

elastic

Front 32

what are the 3 types of cartilage?

Back 32

elastic, hyaline, and fibrocartilage

Front 33

this cartilage has clustered chondrocytes in lacuna, supports airway, eases joint movements, found at end of bones:

Back 33

hyaline

Front 34

this cartilage is the supportive material in larynx trachea, bronchi, & fetal skeleton:

Back 34

hyaline

Front 35

this cartilage resists compression and absorbs shock. found in meniscus and in intervertebral discs

Back 35

fibrocartilage

Front 36

what cells have no nucleus?

Back 36

rbc

Front 37

there are 3 types of muscle tissue:

Back 37

skeletal, smooth, & cardiac

Front 38

what types of muscle tissue have an uncontrolled diaphram?

Back 38

smooth and cardiac

Front 39

what types of muscle tissue have a controlled diaphram?

Back 39

skeletal

Front 40

what types of muscle tissue have striations?

Back 40

skeletal and cardiac

Front 41

what types of muscle tissue are non striated?

Back 41

smooth

Front 42

the connections between one cell and another are called?

Back 42

intercellular junctions

Front 43

what junction is found in embryos, cardiac, and smooth muscle?

Back 43

gap junctions

Front 44

what junctions are found in urinary tracts?

Back 44

tight junctions

Front 45

what does hyper mean?

Back 45

more or bigger

Front 46

what is tissue growth through cell multiplication called?

Back 46

hyperplasia

Front 47

what is the enlargement of preexisting cells called?

Back 47

hypertrophy

Front 48

what is growth of a tumor through growth of abnormal tissue called?

Back 48

neoplasia

Front 49

what is metaplasia?

Back 49

changing of one tissue type to another

Front 50

healing phase or remodeling phase may last how long?

Back 50

2 years

Front 51

what is a decrease in size of a tissue or organ called?

Back 51

atrophy

Front 52

the epithelium that lines the stomach and intestines is?

Back 52

simple columnar

Front 53

what 2 muscle types form sphincters?

Back 53

skeletal and smooth

Front 54

the glands most responsible for cooling the skin are?

Back 54

merocrine glands

Front 55

a childs body hair is called?

Back 55

vellus

Front 56

in cold weather, this may result from reduced blood circulation through the skin:

Back 56

cyanosis

Front 57

what is the function of the goblet cells?

Back 57

to secrete mucus

Front 58

what moves the mucus along the cell surface to the goblet cells?

Back 58

the beating of cilia

Front 59

primitive connective tissue is termed?

Back 59

mesenchyme

Front 60

In compact bone, the delicate canals that extend between one lacunae to another are called?

Back 60

canaliculi

Front 61

what gland uses ducts for secretion?

Back 61

exocrine

Front 62

Across which type of epithelium are substances most rapidly transported?

Back 62

simple squamous epithelium

Front 63

In mature bone, osteocytes can be found in tiny cavities called?

Back 63

lacuna

Front 64

what muscle lacks striations and is involuntary?

Back 64

smooth

Front 65

Cells that are undifferentiated and have not yet begun to perform specialized functions are known as:

Back 65

stem cells

Front 66

If the secretory cells of an exocrine gland form a dilated sac, the gland is called a(n) ________ gland.

Back 66

acinar

Front 67

This tissue type is excitable and forms layers in the digestive organs:

Back 67

smooth muscle

Front 68

This excitable tissue is characterized by having intercalated discs and striations:

Back 68

cardiac muscle

Front 69

This type of epithelium is often keratinized and has tight intercellular junctions:

Back 69

stratified squamous

Front 70

This type of epithelium is found in the alveoli of the lungs:

Back 70

simple squamous

Front 71

Where is transitional epithelium found in humans?

Back 71

urinary bladder

Front 72

Tendons and ligaments are composed mostly of what type of cartilage?

Back 72

fibrocartilage

Front 73

How are skeletal and cardiac muscle the same?

Back 73

they both have striations