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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the study of structure by means of the cutting and separation of tissues test?
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dissection
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what is defined as examining the body for signs of normalcy or disease by touching structures with the finger tips?
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palpitation
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what is defined as examining the body for signs of normalcy or disease by listening to the natural sounds made by the body such as heart and lung sounds?
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auscultation
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is defined as examining the body for signs of normalcy or disease by listening to a sound while tapping on the body?
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percussion
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Which scientists were the 1st to describe blood flow as a continuous circuit around the body from the heart to the organs and back to the heart again?
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Servetus and Harvey
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The word "physiology" is derived from the word "physiologi" which was first used by this scientist when identifying diseases caused by natural phenomenon rather than those attributed to supernatural cause?
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Aristotle
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Anatomy is defined as?
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the study of structure
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Physiology is defined as?
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the study of function
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what term subdisciplines of physiology deals with the study of hormones and their effects?
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endocrinology
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what term is used to describe our ability to sense and react to a variety of stimuli?
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responsiveness
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In the hierarchy of organization of living things, which of the following is the simplest level at which we see all the basic functions of life?
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cells
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In a feedback loop, which of the following components carries out the response necessary to restore homeostasis in an unbalanced system?
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effector
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Which type of feedback loop will result in a self-amplification response in the same direction, rather than lead to a corrective effect?
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positive
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Which medical imaging techniques is used to assess the metabolic state of tissue?
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positron emission tomography
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Which scientist is the famous Italian physiologist who published the first atlas of anatomy, De Humani Corporis Fabrica in 1543?
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Andreas Vesalius
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Which method of medical imaging uses sound wave reverberations to visualize internal organs?
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sonography
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Which level of organization of living things represents more than one cell type sharing a common function?
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tissue
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Complex, multicellular organisms usually consist of what 3 things?
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tissues, organs, and organ systems
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Which medical imaging technique is most useful for visualizing soft tissues?
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magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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what primate are humans genetically most closely related to?
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chimpanzee
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What are anatomical terms coined from the names of people are called?
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eponyms
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Which of the following scientists treated Roman gladiators and published a highly regarded medical textbook based on his observations and animal dissections?
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Galen
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Who is considered the father of modern medicine?
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Hippocrates
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Which of the following scientists was famous for having recorded his observations of "little anamacules" and is therefore one of the first scientists credited with having examined life at a microscopic level?
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Antony Van Leeuwenhoek
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Which of the following scientists improved the optics of the compound light microscope, added several controls, and was later the first to describe "cellulae" (little cells) when describing what he saw when looking at cork cells?
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Robert Hooke
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What describes in general the predictable ways in which matter and energy behave?
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law of nature
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What scientists improved the compound light microscope such that chromatic aberrations were significantly minimized?
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Carl Zeiss and Ernst Abbe
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What scientists are credited with having been the first to conclude that all living things are composed of cells?
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Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden
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The philosophers credited with having invented new habits of scientific thought & therefore turning science into what is recognized today as a more objective and systematic approach to information research are:
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Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes
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What is the purpose of a hypothesis?
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to suggest a method for answering a specific question
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Which kind of statement is intended to summarize what is already known, predict what might happen, and suggest directions for further study?
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statement of theory
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Evolution can be defined as a change in genetic composition of a population of organisms. What term describes the mechanism believed to be responsible for such changes?
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survival of the fittest
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During human evolution, humans have developed what 3 characteristics?
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color and stereoscopic vision, bipedalism, and a prehensile hand
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What is the correct evolutionary sequence for our species?
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Australopithecus-Homo habilis-Homo erectus-Homo sapiens
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(ital)Situs inversus (/ital) and horseshoe kidney are examples of:
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anatomical variation
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What part of a feedback loop processes information and determines an appropriate response?
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the integrator
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what is an organ?
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a structure composed of 2 or more tissue types that work together to perform a specific function
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If you become overheated, what negative feedback mechanisms are used to lower your body temperature?
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sweating and vasodilation of surface blood vessels
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If a scientist were to speculate about the causes of a phenomenon without any definitive proof, it would be a/an:
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hypothesis
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Development is a characteristic of life that involves:
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differentiation
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Humans are differentiated from other primates because they have?
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bipedalism
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What was a Australopithecus?
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a bipedal primate
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What does the theory of evolution explain?
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the slight variance in DNA structure between chimpanzees and humans.
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Which scientist first observed cells under a microscope?
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Hooke
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The tendency for the bodies of living things to maintain more or less stable internal conditions is called?
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homeostasis
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If your blood pressure started to rise very rapidly, a set of activities that your body would undertake to reverse this potentially dangerous condition would probably begin. The processes that would restore stability are called, collectively,
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negative feedback
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principle functions: protection, water retention, thermoregulation, vitamin d synthesis, cutaneous regulation and nonverbal communication
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the integumentary system
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principle functions: distribution of nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electrolytes, heat, immune cells, and antibodies; fluid, electrolyte, and acid base balance
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circulatory system
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principle functions: hormone production, internal chemical communication and coordination
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endocrine system
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principle functions: rapid internal communication, coordination, motor control and sensation
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nervous system
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principle functions: nutrient breakdown and absorption. liver functions include metabolism of carbs, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals; synthesis of proteins; disposal of drugs; cleansing of blood
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digestive system
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principle functions: absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon dioxide, acid base balance, speech
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respiratory system
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principal functions: recovery of excess tissue fluid, detection of pathogens, production of immune cells, defense against disease
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lymphatic system
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principal functions: support, movement, protective enclosure of viscera, blood formation, electrolyte and acid base balance
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skeletal system
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principal functions: movement, stability, communication, control of body openings, heat production
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muscular system
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