Safmeds Pyles 2Nd Sem

Front 1

empiricism

Back 1

The practice of objective observation based on a thorough description

Front 2

behaviorism

Back 2

The philosophical foundations of the science of behavior

Front 3

Premack Principle

Back 3

A high frequency behavior which serves as a reinforcer for a low frequency behavior

Front 4

ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis)

Back 4

The practical application and analysis using the science of behavior

Front 5

applied

Back 5

If the behavior in question is important to the subject and /or society in a study

Front 6

response class

Back 6

A set of behaviors related by their functional similarity

Front 7

satiation

Back 7

An individual receiving too much reinforcement

Front 8

EAB (experimental analysis of behavior)

Back 8

Basic research in the science of behavior

Front 9

fixed ratio

Back 9

When reinforcement is contingent upon a given number of responses

Front 10

ontogenetic

Back 10

The history that determines operant behavior

Front 11

behavior chain

Back 11

A sequence of responses, each associated with a particular stimulus condition

Front 12

Primary (unconditioned)

Back 12

stimuli reffered to as unleared reinforcers

Front 13

escape

Back 13

Termination of an existing stimulus

Front 14

continous reinforcement

Back 14

Reinforcing a behavior everytime a particular behavior occurs

Front 15

punishment

Back 15

If a behavioral consequence produces a decrease in the rate of behavior

Front 16

extinction

Back 16

The procedure in which reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is discontinued

Front 17

respondent paradigm

Back 17

The environment alters the organism

Front 18

Secondary (conditioned)

Back 18

Stimuli referred to as learned or trained reinforcers

Front 19

philosophic doubt

Back 19

science requires the continual questioning of the truthfulness of what is regarded as fact

Front 20

faded

Back 20

The gradual presentation or removing of a stimulus

Front 21

avoidance

Back 21

When stimulus is avoided

Front 22

operant paradigm

Back 22

The organism alters the environment

Front 23

operants

Back 23

Those behaviors that act on the environment

Front 24

Automaticity

Back 24

Consequences affect behavior in an automatic or mechanistic way

Front 25

radical behaviorism

Back 25

Another name for the behaviorism of B.F. Skinner

Front 26

Attending

Back 26

A prerequisite for immitation training

Front 27

response cost

Back 27

Loss of a specific amount of reinforcement contingent upon the occurence of inapropriate behavior that results in a decreased future probability of the behavior

Front 28

stimulus generalization

Back 28

The general tendency to respond in the presence of new stimuli that have similar physical properties, or have been associated with a previous stimulus

Front 29

interval

Back 29

Schedules of reinforcement that require a certain amount of time to pass before a response is reinforced

Front 30

generalized immitation

Back 30

Imitative behaviors that are likely to occur in the absence of specific training

Front 31

determinism

Back 31

The belief that the universe is a lawful and orderly place and that all phenomena occur because of other events

Front 32

model

Back 32

Any antecedent stimulus that is topographically identical to the behavior the trainer wants to imitate

Front 33

functional relation

Back 33

A statement that describes the occurence of the phenomena under study as a function of specific variables

Front 34

exclusionary time out

Back 34

physically removing an individual from a setting for a specific period of time

Front 35

schedule of reinforcement

Back 35

A rule that establishes the probability that a specific occurence of a behavior will produce reinforcement

Front 36

negative reinforcer

Back 36

A stimulus that is removed from a behavior that increases that behavior's frequency of occurence

Front 37

discriminative stimulus

Back 37

In the presence of a stimulus condition a response systematically produces a consequence, and in its absence it does not produce the consequence

Front 38

stimulus control

Back 38

Behavior that is emitted more often in the presence of the SD than during its absence

Front 39

reinforcement

Back 39

If a behavioral consequence produces an increase in the rate of behavior

Front 40

chain with a limited hold

Back 40

A sequence of behaviors that must be performed correctly and within a specific period for reinforcement to be presented

Front 41

differential reinforcement

Back 41

When reinforcement is given to one member of a response class but not to another

Front 42

history of reinforcement

Back 42

The cummulative effect of a person's interaction with their environment

Front 43

ratio

Back 43

A schedule of reinforcement that requires that a certain number of responses be emitted before one response is reinforced

Front 44

parsimony

Back 44

A tenet of science that requires one to accept or rule out simple explanations before accepting more complex explanations

Front 45

variable ratio

Back 45

When the number of required resposes varies specifically, before a response is reinforced

Front 46

variable ratio

Back 46

When the number of required responses varies specifically, before a response is reinforced

Front 47

definition

Back 47

The reduced likelihood of the future occurences of a behavior refers to time out's functional