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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are two identifiers that are not acceptable according to the Joint Commission Website?
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room number and physical location.
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What is sbar?
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a common communication standard. includes defining what needs to be communicated during a hand off(change of shifts) or to doctors. include name of nurse, patient, room number. and other mental conditions.
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What are integumentary changes to immobility?
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poor wound healing, pressure sores, dry skin, poor skin tugor
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what are metabolic changes to immobility
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decrease mbr, increase mbr, negative nitrogen balance, increases body fat and decreases muscle, constipation
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What are respiratory changes to immobility?
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decrease lung volume, weak respiratory muscles, decreased hemoglobin
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What are cardiovascular changes to immobility?
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orthostatic hypotension, increased cardiac workload, decreased cardiac output, thrombus formation
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Whaty is orthostatic hypotension?
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drop of bp of diastolic of 15mm Hg and a systolic of 10 mm Hg from sitting to standing.
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What are the muscloskeletal changes to immobility?
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decreased muscle mass, atrophy, decreased stability, impaired calcium, contractures- joints stiffing no use, foot drop
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What are the urinary/ gi changes to immobility?
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urinary stasis, renal calculi, infections, constipation
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what are the psychosocial changes to immobility
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depression, behavioral changes, changes in sleep/wake cycle
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What are ways to promote safety for the patient in the room.
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adequate lighting, clear obstacles, correct temperature, lock wheelchair and bed during transfer, supplies within reach, side rails up, call light, restraints
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What is PASS?
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Pull, aim, squeeze, sweep with the fire extinguisher.
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What are other ways to calm a patient down and not have to use restraints?
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call family to stay with patient, keep environment quiet, turn on tv, give newspaper/magazine, orient patient, spend time in the room, offer bedpan every hour, cover IV site up with gauze, determine cause of behavior
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What is RACE?
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Rescue patient, Alarm, Contain, extinguish in a fire.
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What do environmental factors include?
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Lead, Carbon Monoxide, Fire, Radon
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What are MSDS forms?(Material Safety Data sheet)
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Used when spills occur. information on forms include product info, emergency information, hazardous materials, health info and protection, storage and handling, reactivity data and spill control procedure.
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What is in the infection chain?
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infectious agent, reservoir(location of spore in body), portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry to host, susceptible host
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What are modes of transmission?
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the way people get the host gets the spore.
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What are ways of contact?(examples)
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direct(eating contaminating food, person-to-person)
indirect(contamination of an inatimate object such as needles) droplet- large particles that travel up to 3 feet. |
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What are ways of transmission through airborne?
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coughinng, sneezing.
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What are vehicles according to modes of transmission?
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contaminated items, water, drugs, blood, food
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What are vectors according of modes of transmission?
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external mechanical transfers such as flies
and internal transmission such as parasitic conditions between vector and host such as a mosquito. |
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What are some organisms that are based on direct contact?
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hepatitus A, staphylococcus
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What are some organisms that are based on indirect contact?
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hepatitis B virus, hiv, hepatitis C virus
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What are some organisms that develop from droplets?
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Influenza virus, rubella virus, bacterial meningitis
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What are some organisms that are from airborne particles
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mycobacterium tuberculosis, varicella zoster virus(chickenpox), asperigillus, measles virus
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What are some organisms from vehicles?
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contaminated- vibrio cholerae
water- pseudomonas drugs, solutions- pseudomonas blood- hepatitis B &C virus, HIV Food- salmonella |
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What are some organisms from vectors?
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External mechanical transfer (flies)- v. cholerae
internal(parasidic)- malaria, west nile, yersinia pestis |
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What are the stages of course of infection?
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incubation, prodromal, illness, convalescence
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What is the incubation period of course of infection?
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interval between entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptoms
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What is going on in the Prodromal Stage?
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interval from nonspecific signs and symptoms to more specific symptoms, microorganisms grow and multiply.
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What is going on in the illness stage?
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interval when client manifests signs and symptoms specific to type of infection
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What is going on the Convalescence stage?
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interval when acute symptoms disappear. recovery starts to take place.
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What are some normal defense mechanisms against the skin?
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intact multilayered surface, shedding of outer layer of skin cells
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What are some normal defense mechanisms against the mouth?
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saliva and multilayered mucosa
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What is the normal defense mechanism of the eye
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tearing and blinking
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What are the normal defense mechanism fo the respiratory tract
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cilia lining upper airway, coated by mucus;
macrophages |
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what are the normal defense mechanism for the urinary tract
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flushing action of urine flow; intact multilayered epithelium
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what are the normal defense mechanism for the GI tract
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acidity of gastric secretions; rapid peristalsis in small intestine.
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What is inflammation
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inflammation is a protective vascular reaction that delivers fluid, blood products, and nutrients to an area of injury. The process neutralizes and eliminates pathogens or dead tissues and establishes a means of repairing body cells and tissues.
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What is a iatrogenic infection
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a nosocomial infection from a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure.
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What is an exogenous infection
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infection present outside of the client
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What is an endogenous infection
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infection present inside of the client.
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What toxin does handwashing required
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c. difficle.
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What is code pink in an emergency code?
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baby abduction
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What is code blue in an emergency code?
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cardiopulmonary arrest
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What is purple alert in an emergency code?
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obstretical emergency
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What is risk management?
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a system of ensuring appropriate care that attempts to identify potential hazards and eliminate them before harm occurs
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What is FMEA?
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Failure mode effects analysis
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What are the actions to take when an accident or error occurs?
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1st- assess patient, circumstances, and atmosphere.
2nd- contact the attending physcian(physcian is responsible for contact of family. 3rd- complete a report in a timely manner 4th- document carefully in a timely manner. |
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What is included in the incident report?
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who, what, when, where, and why. only record what you saw or witness saw, and contributing factors
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What are some reasons for under-reporting?
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fear of punishment, legal action, little value of reporting, fear of losing liscense.
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What are some things to avoid when doing an incident report?
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documenting info in the medical record that is in the incident report. giving the report to the victim, making promises or excuses.
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What are some standard precautions?
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fires, med errors, falls, etc.
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What does OSHA stand for?
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Occupational Safety & Health Administration
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What is the difference between airborne and droplet?
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airborne nuclei is smaller than 5 mcg. droplets are larger than 10 mcg.
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Study table 34- 7 on pp. 663
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study table 34-7 on pp. 663
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How can droplet pathogents can infect another person?
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if they land on conjunctivas, nasal mucosa, or mouth.
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study table 48-11 pp. 1335 and box 48-16 pp. 1336
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study table 48-11 pp. 1335 and box 48-16 pp.1336.
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what is maceration
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softening by dipping in fluid
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What is venous stasis
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slow blood flow in the veins, usually in the leg
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what are the vte risk factors?
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venous stasis, endotheliel injury, hypercoagulability
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how often do you remove a ted hose in a day?
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twice
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