|
|
AC 150/5370-2, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction. - Requirements for the Airport Operator
|
According to the AC, the airport operator is responsible to: - Develop a Construction Safety and Phasing Plan (CSPP).
- Require, review, and approve the construction contractor’s Safety Plan Compliance Document (SPCD).
- Convene a preconstruction meeting with the construction contractor, consultant, airport employees, and, if appropriate, tenant sponsor to review and discuss project safety before beginning construction activity.
- Ensure contact information is accurate for each representative/point of contact identified in the safety plan.
- Hold weekly or, if necessary, daily safety meetings to coordinate activities.
- Notify users, especially aircraft rescue and firefighting (ARFF) personnel and FAA ATC personnel, of construction activity and conditions that may adverselyaffect the operational safety of the airport via Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs) orother methods, as appropriate. Convene a meeting for review and discussion ifnecessary.
- Ensure that construction personnel know of any applicable airport procedures andof changes to those procedures that may affect their work.
- Ensure that construction contractors and subcontractors undergo training requiredby the CSPP and SPCD.
- Ensure vehicle and pedestrian operations addressed in the CSPP and SPCD arecoordinated with airport tenants, ATCT, and construction contractors.
- At certificated airports, ensure each CSPP and SPCD is consistent with Part 139.
- Conduct inspections sufficiently frequently to ensure construction contractors andtenants comply with the CSPP and SPCD and that there are no alteredconstruction activities that could potentially create safety hazards.
- Resolve safety deficiencies immediately.
- Notify appropriate parties when conditions exist that invoke provisions of the CSPP and SPCD (such as low visibility operations).
- Ensure prompt submittal of a Notice of Proposed Construction or Alteration (Form 7460-1) for conducting an aeronautical study of potential obstructions such as tall equipment, stock pies, and haul routes.
- Promptly notify the FAA Airports Regional or District Office of any proposed changes to the CSPP prior to implementation of the change. Changes to the CSPPrequire review and approval by the airport operator and the FAA (FederalAviation Administration, 2011a, p. 1).
|
|
|
AC 150/5370-2, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction. - Requirements for Construction Contractor
|
According to the AC, the construction contractor is responsible to: - Submit a Safety Plan Compliance Document (SPCD) to the airport operatordescribing how it will comply with the requirements of the CSPP and supplyingany details that could not be determined before contract award.
- Have available at all times copies of the CSPP and SPCD for reference by theairport operator and its representatives, and by subcontractors and contractoremployees.
- Ensure that construction personnel are familiar with safety procedures andregulations on the airport. Provide a point of contact who will coordinate animmediate response to correct any construction related activity that may adverselyaffect the operational safety of the airports.
- Many projects will require 24-hourcoverage. Identify in the SPCD the contractor’s on-site employees responsible formonitoring compliance with the CSPP and SPCD during construction.
- Conduct inspections sufficiently frequently to ensure construction personnelcomply with the CSPP and SPCD and that there are no altered constructionactivities that could create potential safety hazards.
- Restrict movement of construction vehicles and personnel to permittedconstruction areas by flagging, barricading, erecting temporary fencing, orproviding escorts, as appropriate and as specified in the CSPP and SPCD.
- Ensure that no contractor employees, employees of subcontractors or suppliers, orother persons enter any part of the Air Operations Area (AOA) from theconstruction site unless authorized
- Ensure prompt submittal through the airport operator of Form 7460-1 for thepurpose of conducting an aeronautical study of contractor equipment, such as tallequipment, stock piles, and haul routes when different from cases previously filedby the airport operator (Federal Aviation Administration, 2011a).
|
|
|
AC 150/5370-2, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction. - Requirements for Tenants
|
According to the AC, if a tenant (such as an FBO or airline) is planning leaseholdimprovements requiring construction, the tenant should: - Develop a project-specific CSPP and submit it to the airport operator forcertification and subsequent approval by the FAA.
- In coordination with its contractor, develop a SPCD and submit it to the airportoperator for approval prior to issuance of a Notice to Proceed.
- Ensure that construction personnel are familiar with safety procedures andregulations on the airport.
- Provide a point of contact who will coordinate an immediate response to correctany construction-related activity that may adversely affect the operational safetyof the airport.
- Identify in the SPCD the contractor’s on-site employees responsible formonitoring compliance with the CSPP and SPCD during construction. At leastone of these employees must be on-site whenever active construction is takingplace.
- Ensure that no tenant or contractor employees, employees of subcontractors orsuppliers, or any other persons enter any part of the AOA from the constructionsite unless authorized.
- Restrict movement of construction vehicles to construction areas by flagging andbarricading, erecting temporary fencing, or providing escorts, as appropriate, andas specified in the CSPP and SPCD
- Ensure prompt submittal through the airport operator of Form 7460-1 for thepurpose of conducting an aeronautical study of contractor equipment such as tallequipment, stock piles, and haul routes (Federal Aviation Administration, 2011a).
|
|
|
AC 150/5370-2, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction - Construction Safety and Phasing Plan
|
Developed concurrently with project design, the CSPP should be formally submitted tothe FAA when the project design is 80% to 90% complete, in advance of projectcommencement. The CSPP should address the following: 1. Coordination - Contractor progress meetings
- Scope or schedule changes
- FAA Air Traffic Organization (ATO) coordination 2. Phasing
- Phase elements
- Construction safety drawings
3. Areas and operations affected by construction activity - Identification of affected areas
- Mitigation of effects
4. Protection of navigational aids (NAVAIDs) 5. Contractor access - Location of stockpiled construction materials
- Vehicle and pedestrian operations
6. Wildlife management - Trash
- Standing water
- Tall grass and seeds
- Poorly maintained fencing and gates
- Disruption of existing wildlife habitat
7. Foreign object debris (FOD) management 8. Hazardous materials (HAZMAT) management 9. Notification of construction activities - Maintenance of list of responsible representatives/points of contact
- Notices to Airmen (NOTAM)
- Emergency notification procedures
- Coordination with ARFF personnel
- Notification to the FAA
10. Inspection requirements - Daily (or more frequent) inspections
- Final inspections
11. Underground utilities 12. Penalties 13. Special conditions 14. Runway and taxiway visual aids (Marking, lighting, signs, and visual NAVAIDs) - General
- Markings
- Lighting and visual NAVAIDs
- Signs
16. Marking and signs for access routes 17. Hazard marking and lighting 18. Protection of runway and taxiway safety areas, object free areas, obstacle free zones, and approach/departure surfaces - Runway Safety Area (RSA)
- Runway Object Free Area (ROFA)
- Taxiway Safety Area (TSA)
- Taxiway Object Free Area (TOFA)
- Obstacle Free Zone (OFZ)
- Runway approach/departure surfaces
Other limitations on construction - Prohibitions
- Restrictions (Federal Aviation Administration, 2011a).
|
|
|
AC 150/5370-2, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction - Safety Plan Compliance Document
|
The SPCD, rather than duplicating information contained in the CSPP, should address thefollowing:
1. Coordination (details of proposed safety meetings) 2. Phasing - Duration of each phase
- Daily start and finish of construction, including “night only” construction
- Duration of construction activities during:
- Normal runway operations - Closed runway operations - Modified runway “Runway Design Code” usage 3. Areas and operations affected by the construction activity 4. Protection of NAVAIDs 5. Contractor access - Details on how the contractor will maintain the integrity of the airportsecurity fence
- Listing of individuals requiring driver training (for certificated airportsand as requested)
- Radio communications:
- Types of radios and backup capabilities - Who will be monitoring radios - Whom to contact if the ATCT cannot reach the contractor’s designated person by radio - Details on how the contractor will escort material delivery vehicles 6. Wildlife management - Methods and procedures to prevent wildlife attraction
- Wildlife reporting procedures
7. Foreign object debris (FOD) management 8. Hazardous materials (HAZMAT) management 9. Notification of construction activities - Contractor points of contact
- Contractor emergency contact
- Listing of tall or other requested equipment proposed for use on the airport and timeframe for submitting 7460-1 forms not previously submitted by the airport operator
- Batch plant details, including 7460-1 submittal 10. Inspection requirements
11. Underground utilities 12. Penalties 13. Special conditions 14. Runway and taxiway visual aids - Equipment and methods for covering signage and airfield lights
- Equipment and methods for temporary closure markings
- Types of temporary Visual Guidance Slope Indicators (VGSI)
15. Marking and signs for access routes 16. Hazard making and lighting 17. Protection of runway and taxiway safety areas - Equipment and methods for maintaining Taxiway Safety Area standards
- Equipment and methods for separation of construction operations from aircraft operations, including details of barricades
18. Other limitations on construction
|
|
|
AC 150/5370-2, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction -Runway Safety Area (RSA)
|
- No construction activity may occur within the existing RSA while the runway is open for aircraft operations.
- The RSA dimensions may be temporarily adjusted if the runway is restricted to aircraft operations requiring an RSA that is equal to the RSA width and length beyond the runway ends available during construction.
- Open trenches and excavations are not permitted within the RSA while the runway is open. If possible, backfill trenches before the runway isopened. If the runway must be opened before excavations are backfilled,cover the excavations sufficiently to allow safe operation of the heaviestaircraft operating on the runway to operate across the trench withoutcausing damage to the aircraft.
- Soil erosion must be controlled to maintain RSA standards.
- A yellow X is used to mark entrances to closed runway exits. Barricades are not permitted in the RSA, which means that barricades, if used, must be located prior to the hold marking.
- Construction equipment must be removed from the Runway Object Free Area (ROFA) when not in use.
|
|
|
AC 150/5370-2, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction - Runway Object Free Area (ROFA)
|
Construction, including excavations, may be permitted in the ROFA.However, equipment must be removed from the ROFA when not in use,and material should not be stockpiled in the ROFA if not necessary.
|
|
|
AC 150/5370-2, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction - Taxiway Safety Area (TSA)
|
- No construction may occur within the TSA while the taxiway is open for aircraft operations.
- The TSA dimensions may be temporarily adjusted if the taxiway is restricted to aircraft operations, requiring a TSA that is equal to the TSA width available during construction.
- Open trenches or excavations are not permitted within the TSA while the taxiway is open. If possible, backfill trenches before the taxiway isopened. If the taxiway must be opened before excavations are backfilled,cover the excavations appropriately.
- Soil erosion must be controlled to maintain TSA standards.
- A yellow X is not required at the entrance to closed taxiways. Barricades are required, but must be located outside the TSA.
|
|
|
AC 150/5370-2, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction - Taxiway Object Free Area (TOFA)
|
- No construction may occur within the TOFA while the taxiway is openfor aircraft operations.
- The TOFA dimensions may be temporarily adjusted if the taxiway isrestricted to aircraft operations requiring a TOFA that is equal to theTOFA width available.
- Offset taxiway pavement markings may be used as a temporary measureto provide the required TOFA. In this case, taxiway centerline lightingor reflectors are required.
- Construction activity may be accomplished without adjusting the widthof the TOA , subject to:
- Appropriate NOTAMs are issued. - Marking and lighting meeting AC requirements are implemented. - Five-foot clearance is maintained between equipment and materials and any part of an aircraft. In these situations, flaggersmust be used to direct construction equipment, and wing walkerswill be necessary to guide aircraft. If such clearance can only bemaintained if an aircraft does not have full use of the entiretaxiway width, then it will be necessary to move personnel andequipment for the passage of each aircraft.
|
|
|
AC 150/5370-2, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction -Obstacle Free Zone (OFA)
|
In general, personnel, material, and/or equipment may not penetrate the OFZ while the runway is open for aircraft operations. If a penetration tothe OFZ is necessary, it may be possible to continue aircraft operationsthrough operational restrictions.
|
|
|
AC 150/5370-2, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction -Runway Approach/Departure Areas and Clearways
|
- All personnel, materials, and/or equipment must remain clear of the applicable threshold siting surfaces.
- Construction activity in a runway approach/departure area may result in the need to partially close a runway or displace the existing runwaythreshold. If the portion of the pavement located prior to the threshold isnot available for landing and departing traffic, this is a partial runwayclosure, not a displaced threshold.
- Implementation of a displaced threshold affects runway length availablefor aircraft landing over the displacement, possibly requiring anadjustment in the landing distance available and accelerate-stop distanceavailable in the opposite direction. See Module 2 for information ondeclared distances.
- If the scope includes personnel, equipment, excavation, or other workwithin the existing RSA of any useable runway end, do not implement adisplaced threshold unless arrivals and departures toward theconstruction activity are prohibited. Instead, implement a partial runwayclosure.
|
|
|
AC 150/5370-2, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction - Miscellaneous
|
- Barricades must be spaced 4 feet apart to prevent vehicles from driving through the barricades and continuously linked to prevent pedestrian deviations onto active runways or taxiways.
- Lights on barricades must be red, either steady burning or flashing, and spaced at no more than 10 feet.
- All barricades adjacent to any open runway or taxiway/taxilane safety area or apron must be as low as possible to the ground, and no more than18 inches high, exclusive of supplementary lights and flags.
- Supplement barricades with signs (for example, “No Entry,” or “NoVehicles”) as necessary to prevent Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviations(V/PD).
- Taxiway direction signs identifying a closed crossing taxiway do notneed to be covered because they continue to provide pilots withinformation confirming the location of the closed taxiway and the pilot’slocation on the airfield. Runway exit signs, however, must be coveredfor closed exits.
- Taxiway centerlines and lead-off lines into closed taxiways must beobliterated or removed if the taxiway will be closed for an extendedperiod.
- Although not addressed in AC 150/5370-2, ATO Notice JO 7117.528requires pilots to obtain ATC clearance to cross inactive or closedrunways. Project plans may need to include installation of jumpers fromrunway hold signs to the taxiway circuit to allow these hold signs to beilluminated while the runway lighting circuit is off during the project.
|
|
|
AC 150/5370-2, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction - Vehicle and pedestrian access
|
Airport operators are also required to control vehicle and pedestrian access points toprevent inadvertent or unauthorized entry of persons, vehicles, or animals onto the AOA.To accomplish this, the CSPP should include specific vehicle and pedestrianrequirements, including the following: - Construction site parking
- Construction equipment parking
- Access and haul roads
- Marking and lighting of vehicles
- Description of proper vehicle operations
- Required escorts
- Training requirements of vehicle drivers
- Situational awareness
- Two-way radio communication procedures Maintenance of the secured area of the airport (Federal Aviation Administration, 2011a).
|
|
|
AC 150/5370-2, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction - Inspections
|
When performing inspections of construction activity, airport operations personnelshould consider all of the following: - Excavations adjacent to movement and non-movement areas.
- Mounds of earth, construction materials, temporary structures, and other obstacles near any open runway, taxiway, or taxilane; in the related object-free area andaircraft approach or departure areas/zones; or obstructing any sign or marking.
- Runway resurfacing projects resulting in lips exceeding 3 inches from pavementedges and ends.
- Heavy equipment (stationary or mobile) operating or idle near AOAs, in runwayapproaches and departures areas, or in OFZs.
- Equipment or material near NAVAIDs that may degrade or impair radiatedsignals and/or the monitoring of navigational and visual aids. Unauthorized orimproper vehicle operations in localizer or glide slope critical areas, resulting inelectronic interference and/or facility shutdown.
- Tall and especially relatively low-visibility units (i.e., equipment with slimprofiles)—cranes, drills, and similar objects—located in critical areas, such asOFZs and approach zones.
- Improperly positioned or malfunctioning lights or unlighted airport hazards, suchas holes or excavations, on any apron, open taxiway, or open taxilane or in arelated safety, approach, or departure area.
- Obstacles, loose pavement, trash, and other debris on or near AOAs. Constructiondebris (gravel, sand, mud, paving materials, etc.) on airport pavements may resultin aircraft propeller, turbine engine, or tire damage. Also, loose materials mayblow about, potentially causing personal injury or equipment damage.
- Inappropriate or poorly maintained fencing during construction intended to deterhuman and animal intrusions into the AOA. Fencing and other markings that areinadequate to separate construction areas from open AOAs create aviationhazards.
- Improper or inadequate marking or lighting of runways (especially thresholds thathave been displaced or runways that have been closed) and taxiways that couldcause pilot confusion and provide a potential for a runway incursion. Inadequateor improper methods of marking, barricading, and lighting of temporarily closedportions of AOAs create aviation hazards.
- Wildlife attractants—such as trash (food scraps not collected from constructionpersonnel activity), grass seeds, or ponded water—on or near airports.
- Obliterated or faded markings on active operational areas.
- Misleading or malfunctioning obstruction lights. Unlighted or unmarked obstructions in the approach to any open runway pose aviation hazards.
- Failure to issue, update, or cancel NOTAMs about airport or runway closures or other construction-related airport conditions.
- Failure to mark and identify utilities or power cables. Damage to utilities and power cables during construction activity can result in the loss of runway/taxiwaylighting; loss of navigational, visual, or approach aids; disruption of weatherreporting services; and/or loss of communications.
- Restrictions on ARFF access from fire stations to the runway-taxiway system orairport buildings.
- Lack of radio communications with construction vehicles in airport movementareas.
- Objects, regardless of whether they are marked or flagged, or activities anywhereon or near an airport that could be distracting, confusing, or alarming to pilotsduring aircraft operations.
- Water, snow, dirt, debris, or other contaminants that temporarily obscure orderogate the visibility of runway/taxiway marking, lighting, and pavement edges.Any condition or factor that obscures or diminishes the visibility of areas underconstruction.
- Spillage from vehicles (gasoline, diesel fuel, oil, etc.) on active pavement areas,such as runways, taxiways, ramps, and airport roadways.
- Failure to maintain drainage system integrity during construction (e.g., notemporary drainage provided when working on a drainage system).
- Failure to provide for proper electrical lockout and tagging procedures. At largerairports with multiple maintenance shifts/workers, construction contractors shouldmake provisions for coordinating work on circuits.
- Failure to control dust. Consider limiting the amount of area from which thecontractor is allowed to strip turf.
- Exposed wiring that creates an electrocution or fire ignition hazard. Identify andsecure wiring, and place it in conduit or bury it.
- Site burning, which can cause possible obscuration.
- Construction work taking place outside of designated work areas and out of phase (Federal Aviation Administration, 2011a).
|
|
|
Three most recurring threats to safety during construction?
|
- Safety area encroachments
- Improper ground vehicle operations
- Unmarked or uncovered holes and trenches in the vicinity of aircraft operating surfaces
|
