Safe Medication Preparation

Front 1

Omission error result from what?

Back 1

Results when a drug is not prescribed, dispended, administred, or taken by a patient appropriately

Front 2

Commission errors result from what?

Back 2

Result when a nurse performs the six rights of medication administration.

Front 3

What form of medication is suspension?

Back 3

Finely dissolved drug particles in a liquid medium must be shaken. When left standing, particles settle to bottom of container. Not used intravenously.

Front 4

What form of medication is syrup?

Back 4

Medication dissolved in a concentrated sugar solution.

Front 5

What form of medication is tincture?

Back 5

Alcohol extract from plant or vegetable.

Front 6

Medication names

Back 6

1. Chemical name - rarely used.
2. Generic name - a manufacture who first develops a medication, official name that is listed in official publications.
3. Trade name - or brand name is used to market the medication.

Front 7

Medication forms?

Back 7

The form of medication determines its route of administration.

Front 8

What is medication absorption? And factors that incfuence it?

Back 8

The passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of administration. Factors that influence the rate of absorption include the administration route, ability of a medication to dissolve, blood flow to the administration site, body surface area and lipid solubility of a medication.

Front 9

What does the rate and extent of distribution of a drug depends on?

Back 9

Depends on circulation, cell membrane permeability and protein binding.

Front 10

What kind of medications does the blood-brain barrier allows through?

Back 10

Fat-soluble medications can pass into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid.

Front 11

Medications ability to dissolve?

Back 11

Solutions and liquid suspensions absorb more readily than tablets or capsules. Acidic meds absorb rapidly, basic meds do not absorb before reaching the small intestine.

Front 12

How does the blood flow affect the medications ability to dissolve?

Back 12

Solutions and liquid suspensions absorb more readily then tablets or capsules. Acidic meds absorb rapidly, basic do not absorb before reaching the small intestine.

Front 13

How does the blood flow affect the medications ability to dissolve?

Back 13

When the administration site contains a rich blood supply, meds absorb rapidly.

Front 14

How does the body surface area affect the medications ability to dissolve?

Back 14

A medication in contact with a large surface are (small intestine) will absorb faster than those in contact with smaller surface area (stomach).

Front 15

How does the lipid solubility affect the medications ability to absorb?

Back 15

Medications that are highly lipid soluble absorb more rapidly.

Front 16

What is biotransformation?

Back 16

Chemical alteration of a substance, especially of a drug, within the body, as by the action of enzymes that detoxify, degrade (break down) and remove chemically active chemicals. Occurs in the liver, lungs, kidneys, blood and intestines.

Front 17

What type of medication action is theurapeutic effect?

Back 17

The intended or desired physiological response of a medication.

Front 18

Side effects/Adverse effects?

Back 18

Side effects are oredictable and often unavoidable secondary effects produced at a usual theurapeutic drug dose. Adverse drug effects are unintended, endesirable and often unpredictable.

Front 19

Toxic effects?

Back 19

Develop after prolonged intake of a medication, when a medication accumulates in the blood because of impared metabolism or excretion, or when too high dose is given.

Front 20

Allergic reactions?

Back 20

Unpredictable responses to a medications. Exposure to an initial dose of a medication causes a patient to become sensitized immunologically. The medication acts as an antigen, which causes antibodies to be produced.

Front 21

Medication tolerance and dependence?

Back 21

Decreased physiological response that occurs after repeated administration of a medication. Drug dependence, described in the past as addiction can be physical and psychological.

Front 22

Medication interactions?

Back 22

When one medication modifies the action of another medication. The effect is an increase or decrease in the pharmacological action of each medication.

Front 23

Medication dose responses?

Back 23

Administration, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.

Front 24

Serum half-life?

Back 24

Time it takes for excretion processes to lower the serum medication concentration by half. To maintain a theurapeutic plateau, a patient needs to receive regular fixed doses.

Front 25

Onset of medication action?

Back 25

Period of time it takes after you administer a medication for it to produce a theurapeutic effect.

Front 26

Peak action?

Back 26

Time it takes for a medication to reach its highest effective peak concentration.

Front 27

Duration of action?

Back 27

Length of time during which the medication is present in a concentration great enough to produce a therapeutic effect.

Front 28

Plateau?

Back 28

Blood serum concentration reached and maintained after repeated, fixed doses.

Front 29

What is the topical route of medication administration?

Back 29

On the skin ( as a cream or patch) and eyedrops / eardrops

Front 30

What is the suppository route of medication administration?

Back 30

Into the rectum or vagina.

Front 31

What is the Intramuscular route of medication administration?

Back 31

Into the muscle

Front 32

What is the subcutaneous route of medication administration?

Back 32

Into the subcutaneous tissue of the skin. It is loose connective tissue underlying the dermis. Not richly supplied with blood vessels as muscles (but contain pain receptors), so meds are absorbed more slowly than with IM injections. Given in small doses - 0.5 to 1 mL. Meds are isotonic, nonirritating, nonviscous and water soluble. Best sites include outer upper arms, abdomen, anterior thighs.

Front 33

What is the intradermal route of medication administration?

Back 33

Into the dermis of the skin.

Front 34

What is intravenous route of medication administration?

Back 34

Into a vein.

Front 35

SAFE MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION

Back 35

1. RIGHT MEDICATION
2. RIGHT DOSE
3. RIGHT PATIENT
4. RIGHT ROUTE
5. RIGHT TIME
6. RIGHT DOCUMENTATION

Front 36

What do written orders and medication forms need to include?

Back 36

1. Patient's name
2. Medication name
3. Medication dose
4. Medication route
5. Medication frequency

Front 37

What is nebulization?

Back 37

Process of adding medications or moisture to inspired air by mixing particles of various sizes with air.

Front 38

What is parenteral administration?

Back 38

Taken into the body or administered in a manner other than through the digestive tract. It instills medications into body tissues and into the circulatory system by injection. Invasive and thus pose a greater risk. Four different routs - subcutaneous, intramusclular, intradermal, intravenous.