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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Safety?
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Freedom from actual or perceived psychological and physical injury
Basic needs for the patient's well-being and survival are met. |
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Where is the Environment?
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A place in which the nurse and patient interact
Home Community Hospital Long-term care facility Clinic |
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Nurse Assessment for Characteristics of Safe Environment
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Basic needs are met
Physical hazards reduced Transmission of pathogens is reduced Pollution is controlled Sanitation is maintained Integrity of skin is maintained Staff safey Nervous and immune systems function Feeling of well being- "Feeling safe" |
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Basic Needs
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Oxygen
Temperature and humidity Nutrition |
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What are Hazards?
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Physical hazards
Chemical hazards Biological hazards Environmental hazards Radiation Thermal |
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Physical Hazards
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Falls and accidents
Restraints Side rails Lighting Obstacles and clutter Temperature control |
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Nursing Interventions
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Prevent or decrease risk of falls
Call bell, phone, personal items withing reach, Frequent checking of patient Assess need for side rails for support Adquate lighting |
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Restraints
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Indications for use:
Risk of injury to self or others Interruption of treatment Disruptive or disturbing behavior Types: Physical Chemical Seclusion |
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Nursing considerations when using restraints
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Restraint free environment it optimum
Alternative methods Agency policy Patient Assessment Circulation checks, ROM Hygiene, food, and fluid, elimination needs Must have a Physician order for use and renewed every 24 hours |
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Chemical Hazards
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Poisons
Chemicals Medications |
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Nursing Interventions
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Call Poison Control Immediately and follow their instructions
Know poison ingested and amount Lock up cleaning supplies and medications Safe medication administration |
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Chemical Warfare
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The tactics and technique of conducting warfare by using toxic chemical agents. The chemicals include nerve gases; agents that cause temporary blindness, paralysis, hallucinations of deafness; eye and lung irritants; blistering agents, including mustard gas; defoliants; and herbicides
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Biological Hazards
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Microorganisms
Bacteria, virus, fungi, rickettsiae, protozoa, spirochete Genetic |
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The nurse knows that biological safety is maintained when:
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Transmission of pathogens is reduced
Normal defense mechanisms of the body are supported Inflammatory process (normal body response to the invasion of pathogens) is functioning Skin and mucous membranes are intact |
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The Nurse always practices correct Handwashing
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Handwashing
Between patient contact After contact with blood and body fluid After contact with equipment or articles contaminated with them Immediately after gloves are removed Before procudures Soap and water versus alcohol base cleaners |
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Nurse always practices Asepsis
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Medical Asepsis
Clean technique Reduction and prevention of the spread of microorganisms by: Handwashing, clean gloves, cleaning/disinfecting Surgical Asepsis Sterile techniqe ALL microorganisms including pathogens and spores are eliminated through sterilization procedures |
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The Nurse always follows Standard Precautions
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Always Maintain Standard Precautions to reduce the risk of transmission of blood-borne and other pathogens
Blood All body fluids, secretions, excretions Non-intact skin Mucous membranes |
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The Nurse Wears the Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment
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Masks: droplet or airborne protection
Goggles: splashing or spraying Gowns: barrier protection, fluid-resistant Gloves: Clean, touching blood, body fluids, contaminated items Shoe Protectors and Bonnets when appropriate |
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The Nurse Properly Uses and Disposes of Sharps
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Sharps are needles, scalpel blades, glass slides, sutures, test tubes
Disposed in rigid, leak and puncture proof labeled containers as near to the point of use as possible OSHA guidelines: needless systems, retractable needle, protective devices, DO NOT RECAP |
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The Nurse Provides Hygienic Care
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Bathing and skin care (Perineal)
Back rub Foot & Nail care Oral hygience Hair & Scalp Eyes, ears, nose |
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Basic principles of safety when providing hygenic care
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Capillary action carries microorgansims through wet surface
Friction will remove transient bacteria Soaps and detergents decrease surface tension and act as emulsifying agents A clean object becomes contaminated when in contact with a dirty one Pathogens can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact. |
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Principles of Hygienic Care
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Miroorganism are transmitted by air currents
Bacteria multiply in we warm dark places Barriers can be used to contain or exclude pathogens All body secretions are considered contaminated |
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The Nurse creates a comforable environment
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Planning ahead, timeliness
Room Temperature, ventilation, noise Odors Pain Neatness and organization Cultural considerations in variations in frequency and type of bathing |
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The nurse assesses the patient for effects of poor hygiene
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Buildup of micoorganisms and resultant infections
Change in pH of skin Gigivitis Corneal abrasions Skin breakdown Social isolation and implications |
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Biological Warfare
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Warefare in which disease-producing microoransims, toxins, or organic biocides (anthrax, brucellosis, plague) are deliberately used to destroy, injure, or immobilize livestock, vegetation or human life.
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Environment Hazards
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Pollution
Air Land Water Noise Evidence of perception of crime |
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Nursing Interventions
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Assess individuals at risk
Be an involved citizen Recognize effects of pollution on body Instruct in hearing protection |
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Thermal Hazards
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Fire
Electrical Hypothermia Hyperthermia |
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Nurisng Interventions
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Fire Safety: Use RACE acronym to set priorities
Rescue Activate Contain Extinguish |
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Nursing Interventions
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Minimize exposure to radiation: time and distance and shielding
Minimize use of Portable CXR Know instructional policy reguarding radiation |