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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Vitamin A
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essential to maintainance of mucus secreting epi, derivated of retinol
Night Blindness, Squamous metaplasia of trachea, bronchi, renal pelvis etc., Xerophthalmia and blindness or keratomalacia Too Much - alopecia, hepatocellular damage and bone changes |
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Vitamin D
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Rickets in Children and as osteomalacia in adults - due to defienct calcification of osteoid matrix
Too Much - growth retardation, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, renal calculi |
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Vitamin K
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Carboxylation of glutamyl residues to form its active gamma carboxyglutamyl forms. For clotting factors 2,7,9,10, protein C
hemmorgaic diathesis - prolongation of prothrombin and activated PTT. hemmorgagic disease of newborn |
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Monckeberg arteriosclerosis
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media of medium art (radial and ulnar art)
ring like calcifications in media Does not obstruct flow cause doesnt affect intima pipestem arteries |
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Hyaline Arteriosclerosis
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hyaline thickening of walls
benign nephrosclerosis in kidneys |
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Hyperplastic Arteriosclerosis
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concentric laminated, onionskin thickening of arteriolar walls
necrotizing arteriolitis - intramural deposition of fibroniod material Malignant neprosclerosis in kidneys |
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Atherosclerosis
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Pg 134 - read
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Arterosclerosis
Insudation hypothesis |
Infiltration of the intima with lipid and protein is primary athergenic even - process accelerated by hypercholesteremia
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Encrustation (Thrombogenic ) hypothesis
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Orginization of repeated mural thrombi on the intimal surface leads to buildup of plauques
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Monoclonal
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Smooth muscle migration and proliferation that may be incited by the hyperlipidemia. Smooth muscle growths are monoclonal.
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Reaction to injury formation
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Hyperlipidemia initiates endothethial injury by promoting foam cell formation - chemotactic factors released - monocytes and lipid enter subendothelium - release of mitogenic factors - proliferation and fibrosis - monos and SMC engulf lipid and contribute to deposition of lipid.
B VLDL rec and scavenger receptor help monos become foam |
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Atherosclerotic aneurysm
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usually in descending , esp in abdominal, aorta
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Aneurysms due to cystic medial necrosis
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most frequent aneruysms of aortic root
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Berry Anerysms
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small saccular lesions, circle of willis
bifurcations of cerebral arteries assoc with APKD most frequent cause of subarachniod hemmorage |
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Syphilitic aneurysm
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tertiary syphilis
caused by syphilitic aortitis - oblierative endartitis Involves Ascending aorta - leads to Aortic valve insuff |
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Dissecting Aneurysm
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longitudinal intraluminal tear usually in ascending aorta
severe tearing chest pain results in aortic rupture assoc with hypertension or cystic medial necrosis |
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AV fistula(aneurysm
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abnormal communication between an artery and vein
secondary to trauma results in ischemic changes, aneuryms formation, inc venous pressure and high output cardiac failure |
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Phlebothrombosis
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arises usually in deeps veins of lower ext
caused by venous stasis - preg, cardiac fail, vv, bedrest can cause embolism and pulmonary infarction with inflamm - thromboplebitis |
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Varicose Veins
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dilated and tortous veins, usually superficial veins of lower ext
inc venous pressure - preg, obes, thromboplebitis |
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Spider Telangiectasia
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dilated small vessels surrounded by radiating fine channels
associated with hyperestrinism seen in chronic liver disease and preg |
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HH Telangiectasia
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AD, localized dilation and convulation of venules and cappilaries of skin and mucous membranes
complicated by epistaxis and GI bleeding |
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Hemangioma
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malformation of larger vessel, composed of channels filled with blood
port wine stain, most common tumor in infancy |
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Capillary Hemangioma
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tangle of closely packed cappilaries-like channels
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Cavernous Hemangioma
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large cavernous vascular spaces in skin and muscosal surfaces
occurs in Von Hippel Lindau disease - AD, hemangioblastomas of cerebellum, brainstem, retina; inc incidence of RCC |
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Glomus Tumor(Glomangioma)
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small purplish, painful subungual nodule on finger or toe
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Cystic hygroma
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cavernous lymphangioma and occurs in neck or axilla
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Hemangiosarcoma
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malignant vascular tumor
toxic exposure to arsenic, thorotrast, and PVC(in liver) |
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Kaposi Sarcoma
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malignant vascular tumor
Classic - Askh. Jews Endemic - young African men and children Epidemic - component of AIDS, assoc with coinf with KS herpesvirus |
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Polyarteritis nodosa
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necrotizing immune complex inflammation of small and medium art
destruction of arterial media and IEL causing aneurysmal nodules assoc Hep B inf generalixed symtoms accompained by P-ANCA(perinuclear antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies) |
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Chugg Strauss
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necrotizing vasculitis
prominent involvement of pulmonary vasculature, periperhal eosinophilia, asthma |
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Hypersensitivity vasculitis
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immune complex mediated vasculitides - acute inflammation of small blood vessels
multuple lesions that tend to be of same age palpable purpura |
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Henoch Schonlein purpura
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young children, poststrep in orgin
hemorrhagic urticaria of extensor surfaces of arms, legs assoc with antecedent upper resp inf |
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Serum Sickness
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seen in exp model where rabbits, after bovine serum albumin develop generalixed deposition of antigen-antibody complexes
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Wegener granulomatosis
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Necrotixing granulomatous vasculitis of resp tract, kidneys
respiratory signs and symtoms, paranasal sinuses necrotizing glomerulonephritis fibronoid necrosis of small art, early infiltratoin of neutrophils, granuloma formation C-ANCA |
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Giant Cell Arteritides
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medium to large sized arteries, granuloma formation with giant cells
2 dis: Temperol arteritides, Takayasu arteritides |
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Temporal arteritis
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most frequently occuring vasculitis
systemic vasculitis, in elderly affects branches of carotid artery headache, tenderness, palpable nodules along artery, visual prob, polymyalgia rheumatica |
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Takayasu diease
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inflammatoin and stenosis of medium and large arteries
involvement of aortic arch producing aortic arch syndrome Absent pulses in carotid, radial, ulnar; nonspecific findings |
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Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease)
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acute, self limitied illness of infants and young children
acute necrotizing vasculitis of small and med art fever; hem edema of conjunctiva, lips, oral; cervical lymphadenopathy |
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Thromboangiitis obliterans(beuger)
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acute inflammation involving small to medium arteries
painful ischemic diesease cigarette smoking Jewish pop, young men |
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Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
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infiltration of lymphocytoid and plasmacytoid cells
may develop into a neoplasm, usually Tcell nonHodgkin lymphoma |
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Raynaud disease
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recurrent vasospasm of small arteries, resultant pallor
preceded by chilling |
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Raynaud phenomenon
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Like Raynaud disease, but secondary to disorder - SLE, scleroderma
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Hypertension
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Reach 144-145
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