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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the dates of the Council of Trent?
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1545-1563
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What are the three sessions of the Council of Trent?
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i) 1545-49 - Under Paul III
ii) 1551-52 - Under Jules II iii) 1562-63 - Pope Pius IV |
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What is the reason for the Council of Trent?
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Created in 1545 by Pope Paul III. Charles V hoped to put some order into the church. Same period as the Confessions of Augsburg (1530).
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What are the objectives of the Council of Trent?
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i) Re-examine the doctrine of the church, due to the protestants.
ii) Remove all abuses by the clergy - exactly what the protestants blame them for. iii) Sinner must make acts of charity. |
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What else does the council hope to confirm?
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i) The authority of the Pope.
ii) That lay people cannot participate in the churches administration. iii) Priests must participate in their own churches. |
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The abuses?
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i) Bishops must live in their diocese.
ii) They must keep an eye on their parish. iii) They (bishops) must keep an eye on their priests. iv) Good examples. v) Abolish the sale of Indulgences. |
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When do they start looking at religious music, and in particularly on polyphonic music?
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Only in the last session 1562-63 - in particular the Franco Flamand.
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What don't they (the council) like about the franco-flamand polyphony? There is one form that is 'particular' to this style, what is it?
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i) It has too many 'profane' references.
ii) Parody-mass (messe-parodie) |
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There were attempts to reform the church before the Council (pre-tridentine), what were they (there's 2)?
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i) Council of Constance 1400 -1418. Tries to reform the Church of Rome.
ii) Council de Bale 1431-1441. They discuss (more or less) the same musical points as the Council of Trent in 1562. Words have to be intelligible! |
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Is there an important date for Bale?
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Maybe the xxi session 1435, where they talk about the music. "Quomodo divinum officium in ecclessia celebrandum sit"
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Which sessions treated music in the Council of Trent?
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22nd and 24th.
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What exactly did they want to change, or clarify in these two sessions?
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i) That music was religious, not profane. The words were clear and understandable.
ii) The the Bishop HAD to be there singing with respect and religiously ... no proxy! |
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Who saved polyphony from being banished from the RC mass?
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Jakob de Kerle (v.1531-1591). His polyphonic music was very clear and understandable. He was working at Augsburg when he composed 'Preces Speciales' (61- 62), his work for the Council.
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What's the legend behind De Kerle?
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People believed that Palestrina saved polyphonic song, not true!
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What was the name of de Kerle's piece for the Council?
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Preces Speciales.
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Some facts about the Palestrina myth?
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Missa Papae Marcelli, composed on 1567 ... not in the Councils session. It's Agazzari who spreads this myth. The legend continues with Giusseppe Baini (critic and biographer) 16th and 17th century. The legned carries on due in part by Cecilianism ... E.T.Hoffmann - Karl Proske, etc.
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Who puts an end to the myth of Missae papae Marcelli from Palestrina.
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Karl Weinmann (18th century).
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What happens in the last (24th session) of the Council of Trent?
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They decide that the local Bishops must decide what to use in their services.
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Who are the first Cardinals to make changes - 1564 charged with sorting out the music problems, who are they?
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Charles Borromée and Vitellozzo Vitelli in 1564.
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Who is asked to compose these new masses?
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Vincent Ruffo (maitre de chapel, Milan). Missa quarti toni [...] 1570.
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